oxicity being related to the dose.
  To describe two cases of macular hemorrhage in young patients, both occurred after laser exposure and cannabinoid intake during a disco party.
 
  Case 1 a 21-year-old man was evaluated at our Emergency Unit for sudden vision loss in the right eye (RE). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was count fingers in the RE and 20/20 in the left eye (LE). Fundus examination revealed a broad pre-retinal hemorrhage in macular region of RE, confirmed by optical coherence tomography. The patient reported vision loss, suddenly occurred after fixation of a laser source and cannabinoid intake during a disco party the night before. We administered a macular supplement and closely followed up the patient. After two months BCVA of the right eye was 20/20.
 
  The following day another 21-year-old man was referred to our Emergency Unit complaining of sudden vision loss in LE. As in Case 1, he reported to have fixed a laser beam as well as the consumption of cannabinoids at the same disco. BCVA was count fingers in the LE and 20/20 in the RE. Fundus examination showed a broad pre-retinal hemorrhage in macular region of LE. He had taken the macular supplement for two months and then the hemorrhage was reabsorbed.
 
  Laser exposure must be considered as a possible cause of macular hemorrhage. Furthermore, low cost of drugs and lack of formal control of laser sources may increase the emergence of new cases of retinal injuries especially among young people.
 Laser exposure must be considered as a possible cause of macular hemorrhage. Furthermore, low cost of drugs and lack of formal control of laser sources may increase the emergence of new cases of retinal injuries especially among young people.The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a fundamental role in extracellular calcium homeostasis by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. Although the CaSR was identified over 25 years ago, new mechanistic details of how the CaSR controls PTH secretion have recently been uncovered demonstrating heteromerization and phosphate binding affect CaSR-mediated suppression of PTH release. In addition, understanding of how the CaSR performs diverse functions in different cellular contexts is just beginning to be elucidated, with new evidence of tissue-specific regulation, and endo-somal signaling. Insights into CaSR activation mechanisms and signaling bias have arisen from studies of CaSR mutations, which cause disorders of calcium homeostasis. Functional assessment of these mutations demonstrated the importance of the homodimer interface and transmembrane domain in biased signaling and showed CaSR mutations can facilitate G-protein-independent signaling. Population genetics studies have allowed a greater understanding of the prevalence of calcemic disorders and revealed new pathophysiological roles.A case of Mycobacterium bovis infection is described in a death adult female wild boar in the province of Avellino, Campania Region (Southern Italy). The carcass was sent to the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno (IZSM) of Portici, Naples, Italy, where postmortem examination was performed. At necropsy, a disseminated granulomatous infection was observed, with involvement of various lymph node districts, spleen and lungs. Therefore, all lymph nodes were collected, together with spleen and lung lesions, in order to carry out bacteriological and molecular analyses that confirmed an uncommon disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection. Subsequently, an analysis of the spoligotype, performed by the National Reference Center of Mycobacterium bovis in Brescia (Northern Italy), resulted in the spoligotype SB0134, previously identified in bovine outbreaks in the same area where the wild boar was found.Incisional wound closure is a key surgical step to facilitate tissue healing, reduce the risk of infection and obtain esthetic and functional recovery. Cyanoacrylates such as Histoacryl® have become a popular choice in surgical veterinary practice. However, how Histoacryl® is affecting tissue regeneration and bacterial load in the wound in comparison to poliglecaprone (Monocryl®) traditional suture methods remains to be determined. This work aimed to evaluate how wounded tissue responds to traditional suture with Monocryl® (poliglecaprone 25/4-0) and Histoacryl®, as well as provide evidence of their effects on wound healing in mice.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BI-2536.html  Fortyeight hours after the incisional procedure, wound tissue biopsies were prepared for histological and microbiological analysis. Biopsies were fixed and colored with Mallory's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin stains. For microbiological assays, biopsies were suspended in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and 1/10 diluted to evaluate the number of CFU in nutrient agar plates. Our results show no differences between Histoacryl® and Monocryl® traditional suture suggesting that both methods could be used to treat wounds in small animals such as rodents.Gastrointestinal disorders due to Eimeria sp. and E. coli overgrowth cause high mortality in weaner rabbits and the interest in alternatives to coccidiostats is high. This study aimed to investigate the superiority of natural feed additives towards robenidine preserving gastrointestinal health in the field. Rabbits were divided into four groups, Control Group (CG) exclusively supplemented with robenidine, Sainfoin Group (SG) was supplemented with a combination of robenidine and sainfoin, and two additional groups were respectively supplemented with Herb-All COCC-X (garlic; conessi tree) (HG Herbal Group) and by a combination of Herb-All COCC-X and Klinofeed (clinoptilolite) (MG Mineral Group). Eimeria sp. (98,40%) and E. coli overgrowth (73.60%) could be confirmed as the main causes for losses. High mortality rates (SG 30.00% - MG 47.50%), also in the groups receiving robenidine (SG 30.00%; CG 45.00%), reinforced the importance of alternatives in the field. The natural additives of groups SG, HG and MG did not have a significant influence on the weight gains and the oocyst counts in the jejunum/ileum and caecum of slaughter rabbits at the end of the trial, compared to group CG. Significantly higher oocyst shedding in SG (p = 1.4E-03) and HG (p = 1.4E-05) during the trial may be explained by a higher surviving rate of diseased rabbits in those groups, fostered by beneficial effects of the additives, which should be investigated further.