97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-12.70; 
  = 0.02) and an almost 3-fold increased odds of low-contrast VA worsening (adjusted OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.40-6.13; 
  = 0.04).
 
  Lower baseline GCIPL thickness on SD-OCT is independently associated with long-term disability worsening in MS. Accordingly, SD-OCT at a single time point may help guide therapeutic decision-making among individual PwMS.
 
  This study provides Class I evidence that lower baseline GCIPL thickness on SD-OCT is independently associated with long-term disability worsening in MS.
 This study provides Class I evidence that lower baseline GCIPL thickness on SD-OCT is independently associated with long-term disability worsening in MS.
  To define the clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of neurologic immune-related adverse events (n-irAEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
 
  Systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
 
  A total of 694 articles were identified. Two hundred fifty-six articles, with 428 individual patients, met the inclusion criteria. Reports regarding neuromuscular disorders (319/428, 75%) were more frequent than those on CNS disorders (109/428, 25%). The most common n-irAEs reports were myositis (136/428, 32%), Guillain-Barré syndrome and other peripheral neuropathies (94/428, 22%), myasthenic syndromes (58/428, 14%), encephalitis (56/428, 13%), cranial neuropathies (31/428, 7%), meningitis (13/428, 3%), CNS demyelinating diseases (8/428, 2%), and myelitis (7/428, 2%). Other CNS disorders were detected in 25/428 (6%) patients. Compared with the whole sample, myasthenic syndromes were significantly more Ab positive (33/56, forthcoming future, this information can be valuable in assisting neurologists and oncologists in early n-irAEs diagnosis and treatment.
  To evaluate the validity of the 2016 clinical diagnostic criteria proposed for probable anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children, we tested the criteria in a Japanese pediatric cohort.
 
  We retrospectively reviewed clinical information of patients with neurologic symptoms whose CSF was analyzed for NMDAR antibodies (NMDAR-Abs) in our laboratory from January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2019.
 
  Overall, 137 cases were included. Of the 41 cases diagnosed as probable anti-NMDAR encephalitis (criteria-positive) according to the 2016 criteria, 13 were positive and 28 were negative for anti-NMDAR-Abs. Of the 96 criteria-negative cases, 3 were positive and 93 were negative for anti-NMDAR-Abs. The sensitivity of the criteria was 81.2%, specificity was 76.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 31.7%, and negative predictive value was 96.9%. Compared with the true-positive group, the false-positive group contained more male than female patients (malefemale, 49 in the true-positive vs 199 in the false-positive group, 
  = 0.0425). The majority of the cases with false-positive diagnoses were associated with neurologic autoimmunity.
 
  The clinical diagnostic criteria are reliable for deciding to start immunomodulatory therapy in the criteria-positive cases. Low PPV may be caused by a lower prevalence of NMDAR encephalitis or lower level of suspicion for encephalitis in the pediatric population. Physicians should therefore continue differential diagnosis, focusing especially on other forms of encephalitis.
 
  This study provides Class IV evidence that the proposed diagnostic criteria for anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children has a sensitivity of 81.2% and a specificity of 76.9%.
 This study provides Class IV evidence that the proposed diagnostic criteria for anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children has a sensitivity of 81.2% and a specificity of 76.9%.
  To determine whether patients in the community with lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (LRPN) have milder neuropathy than referral patients, we characterized the outcomes and survival of population-based compared to referral-based LRPN cohorts.
 
  Previously, we found that the incidence of LRPN is 4.16/100,000/y, a frequency greater than other inflammatory neuropathies. The survival of patients with LRPN is uncharacterized.
 
  Sixty-two episodes in 59 patients with LRPN were identified over 16 years (2000-2015). Clinical findings were compared to previous referral-based LRPN cohorts.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/remodelin.html  Survival data were compared to those of age- and sex-matched controls.
 
  At LRPN diagnosis, median age was 70 years, median Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) 22 points, 92% had pain, 95% had weakness, 23% were wheelchair-bound, and median modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) was 3 (range 1-4). At last follow-up, median NIS improved to 17 points (
  < 0.001) with 56% having ≥4 points improvement, 16% were wheelchair-bound, and ably due to comorbidities (diabetes) rather than LRPN itself.
  Cerebral microbleeds (MBs) are a common finding in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and Alzheimer disease as well as in healthy elderly people, but their pathophysiology remains unclear. To investigate a possible role of veins in the development of MBs, we performed an exploratory study, assessing in vivo presence of MBs with a direct connection to a vein.
 
  7-Tesla (7T) MRI was conducted and MBs were counted on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). A submillimeter resolution QSM-based venogram allowed identification of MBs with a direct spatial connection to a vein.
 
  A total of 51 people (mean age [SD] 70.5 [8.6] years, 37% female) participated in the study 20 had CSVD (cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA] with strictly lobar MBs [n = 8], hypertensive arteriopathy [HA] with strictly deep MBs [n = 5], or mixed lobar and deep MBs [n = 7], 72.4 [6.1] years, 30% female) and 31 were healthy controls (69.4 [9.9] years, 42% female). In our cohort, we counted a total of 96 MBs with a venous connection, representing 14% of all detected MBs on 7T QSM. Most venous MBs (86%, n = 83) were observed in lobar locations and all of these were cortical. Patients with CAA showed the highest ratio of venous to total MBs (19%) (HA = 9%, mixed = 18%, controls = 5%).
 
  Our findings establish a link between cerebral MBs and the venous vasculature, pointing towards a possible contribution of veins to CSVD in general and to CAA in particular. Pathologic studies are needed to confirm our observations.
 Our findings establish a link between cerebral MBs and the venous vasculature, pointing towards a possible contribution of veins to CSVD in general and to CAA in particular. Pathologic studies are needed to confirm our observations.