Objective Chronic use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has been associated with a wide range of negative consequences for health including psychotic and affective disturbances. Accumulating evidence indicates that cannabinoids use may be a risk factor for schizophrenia, and chronic natural cannabis users score higher than non-users on measures of schizotypal personality traits. However, little is known regarding the personality characteristics of SC users, especially in comparison with recreational cannabis users and healthy individuals. This study aimed to examine the differences in personality characteristics and schizotypy between SC users, regular cannabis users, and non-users and to compare these measures between groups. Methods Forty-two chronic SC users, 39 natural cannabis users, and 47 non-using control participants, without history of mental disorder, or current substance use diagnosis (mean age 26± 4.47 years; 23 females, 105 males), completed the Big-Five Factor Inventory (BFI), the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), substance use history, rating scales of depression and anxiety, and a demographic questionnaire. Results On the BFI, SC users scored higher than natural cannabis users and non-users on neuroticism, but lower on agreeableness and extraversion, and endorsed greater schizotypal symptoms on the SPQ-B. In addition, SC users had lower scores on conscientiousness than non-users, and natural cannabis users were more extroverted than non-users. Higher openness and lower conscientiousness predicted schizotypy for both SC and natural cannabis users. Finally, greater neuroticism predicted schizotypy for natural cannabis users, and introversion predicted schizotypy for non-users.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html  Conclusions These results show that chronic SC users differ from natural cannabis users and non-users on dimensions of specific personality traits and schizotypy that may indicate psychotic proneness.Background Individuals with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) experience eating problems that cause persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs. These eating problems are not driven by body image concerns but rather by persistent low appetite, sensory sensitivity, or fear of aversive consequences of eating (e.g., choking or vomiting). Although increasing numbers of youth are being referred for treatment of ARFID, no evidence-based treatments yet exist for the disorder. Given family-based treatment (FBT) has demonstrated effectiveness with other pediatric eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa), a manualized version of FBT adapted for use with ARFID patients has been developed and is currently under study. Case presentation The following case report demonstrates how FBT was used to treat a 9-year-old patient with ARFID characterized by sensory sensitivity. Similarities and differences with FBT for anorexia nervosa are illustrated. After 17 sessions across 6 months, the patient no longer met DSM criteria for ARFID, she demonstrated major declines in measures of clinical symptoms, and she gained 2.1 kg. Conclusions FBT for ARFID relies upon the same key interventions as FBT for AN. However, we discuss critical differences in the application of these interventions given the unique challenges of ARFID, particularly when characterized by sensory sensitivity.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. In this study, whole genome sequencing identifies one rare and likely pathogenic mutation in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene (c.356C > T, p.T119I) associated with a frontal variant of AD. Affected individuals in the kindred developed late-onset cognitive decline accompanied with early presentation of psychiatric symptoms. Positive amyloid PiB PET tracing suggested presence of pathophysiological biomarker for AD. Whole genome sequencing analysis evaluated rare coding mutations in susceptible genes for various types of dementia and supported the role of PSEN1 as a causal gene. Identification of this T119I variant in PSEN1 might broaden the spectrum of genetic basis and clinical diversity of familial AD.Our study aims to explore the risk factors for suicidal ideation and their interaction among the elderly in nursing homes in Hunan province, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the elderly in nursing homes in Hunan Province. Twenty-four nursing homes were selected by multistage cluster random sampling, and 817 elderly residents were investigated using a set of structured questionnaires. The main outcome measures included general information, suicidal ideation, depression symptoms, social support, activities of daily living (ADL), stressful life events, and sleep quality. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to explore the risk factors for suicidal ideation among the elderly in nursing homes, and additive interaction was used to analyze the interaction between risk factors. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among the elderly in nursing homes in Hunan province was 17.9% (95% confidence interval(CI) 15.2%, 20.6%). Living in a rural area (odds ratio(OR)=1.88, 95% CI 1.03, 3.44), infrequent visits from relatives (OR=2.61, 95% CI 1.42, 4.78), history of chronic disease (OR=2.34, 95% CI 1.09, 5.01), depression symptoms (OR=8.11, 95% CI 4.52, 14.54), lower social support (OR=3.85, 95% CI 1.94, 7.61), and ADL disability status (OR=4.38, 95% CI 2.10, 9.14) increased the risk of suicidal ideation. Additive interactions were detected between depression symptoms and ADL status, with a relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of 8.73 (95% CI 2.04, 15.43), and between depression symptoms and social support, with an RERI of 5.98 (95% CI 0.86, 11.10). The prevalence of suicidal ideation among the elderly in nursing homes is relatively high. Both physical conditions and psychosocial factors were associated with suicidal ideation among the elderly. These findings have significant implications for the prediction and prevention of suicidal behaviors.Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease of the brain first described in 2007. The aim of this paper is to present a 10-year follow-up case history. Case presentation The authors present the case of a 39-year-old female patient who developed an anti-NMDA-R encephalitis in 2009 with predominant severe catatonic symptoms. Anti-inflammatory therapy led to the disappearance of catatonic symptoms and was discontinued during the course of the disease. After acute therapy, the patient achieved an almost full recovery presenting with ongoing discrete symptoms of sensory overload, subtle cognitive deficits, and fatigue/reduced energy levels. The follow-up investigation in 2019 showed inconspicuous findings in laboratory diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis using independent component analysis detected left hemispherical spike-wave complexes and intermittent slowing. Regarding the sensory overload and reduced energy level, the patient benefited from low-dose neuroleptics (risperidone, amisulpride).