Objective To compare the clinical characteristics of simple testicular yolk sac tumor (YST) in children with those in adults so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the malignance. METHODS This study included 75 cases of simple testicular YST pathologically confirmed between May 2008 and July 2018, which were divided into groups A (aged less then 18 years, n = 64) and B (aged ≥18 years, n = 11). We analyzed the clinical data on all the cases and compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, pathological findings, clinical stages, treatment methods and prognostic outcomes between the two groups of patients. RESULTS The patients of group A ranged in age from 6 months to 5 years (［1.38 ± 0.89］ yr), with the tumor diameter of 0.9－6.0 (2.48 ± 1.12) cm, while those of group B from 25 to 49 years (median 34 years), with the tumor diameter of 3.5－6.3 (5.16 ± 1.32) cm, most presenting with a painless scrotal mass, 4 (6.2%) in group A and 5 (45.5%) in group B with testis pain. There were statistica at clinical stage I and preferably treated by radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy with favorable prognosis. In adults, however, the tumor is highly malignant, with high incidences of recurrence and metastasis and poor prognosis, for the treatment of which the first choice is radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy combined with RPLND and chemotherapy.Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and treatment of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the pathomorphological characteristics and immunohistochemical markers of 23 cases of primary testicular DLBCL as well as their clinicopathological features with a review of the relevant literature. The patients were aged 48－76 (mean 61.4) years, 82.6% over 50 years, and all clinically presented with painless progressive unilateral testicular swelling, 9 cases in the left and the other 14 in the right testis.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/valproic-acid.html  RESULTS Histologically, the lymphomas were composed of large atypical cells with prominent karyokinesis and diffusely infiltrated the testicular parenchyma. The neoplastic cells were positive for B-cell markers. Five of the patients were followed up for 2 to 32 months, of whom 4 survived and 1 died at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS Primary testicular DLBCL is a rare tumor with an invasive biological behavior, mostly found in elderly males and easily misdiagnosed or missed in diagnosis. Histopathology plays a key role and immunohistochemical markers are of high value in the definite diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the tumor.Objective To investigate the familial cytomolecular genetics of an infertile male. METHODS We analyzed the clinical phenotypes and karyotypes of three males from the family of an infertile man, detected the sequence-tagged sites (STS) in the AZF deletions of the Y chromosome by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and identified the target genes by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). RESULTS The karyotypes of the proband and his brother were 46, XY, inv (19) (p13.3q13.1) and that of his father was 46, XY. The three males were all carriers of AZFc deletion of the Y chromosome, and all found with the same reduction of the gene copy number in the AZFb and AZFc regions. CONCLUSIONS Combined use of karyotype analysis, Y chromosome STS PCR, and MLPA revealed the genetic causes of the male infertile family.Objective To explore the relationship of sperm DNA fragmenation index (DFI) with semen parameters and assess its application value in the evaluation of semen quality. METHODS A total of 9 694 semen samples were collected and examined for sperm DFI and high DNA stainability (HDS) by flow cytometry-assisted sperm chromatin structure analysis (SCSA). According to the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th Ed), the samples were divided into a normal group and abnormal groups A (sperm concentration ［SC］ ［11.3－14.0］ ×10⁶/ml, total sperm motility ［TSM］ 30%－39%, progressively motile sperm ［PMS］ 24%－31%), B (SC ［7.5－11.2］ ×10⁶/ml, TSM 20%－29%, PMS 16%－23%), C (SC ［3.8－7.4］ ×10⁶/ml, TSM 10%－,19% PMS 8%－15%) and D (SC ［0－3.7］×10⁶/ml, TSM 0－9%, PMS 0－7%), and also into three sperm DFI groups (DFI 30%). The correlation between sperm DFI and seminal parameters was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS DFI was dramatically lower in the normal trgistically for the assessment of semen quality.Objective To compare the results obtained from the computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) systems of the two fully-automated commercial sperm quality analyzers, Hamilton-Thorn IVOS Ⅱ (IVOS Ⅱ) and Spanish Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA). METHODS A total of 99 semen samples were collected in the Center of Reproduction of Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital from September 2018 to October 2018 and, according to the sperm concentration, divided into groups A ( 0.05). Both the percentage of PMS and sperm motility obtained from IVOS Ⅱ were remarkably lower than those derived from SCA in group A (PMS ［18.54 ± 12.96］% vs ［22.90 ± 12.88］%, P less then 0.05; sperm motility ［26.97 ± 14.05］% vs ［34.90 ± 15.18］%, P less then 0.05). IVOS Ⅱ and SCA both showed a high repeatability (CV less then 15%), and the former exhibited an even higher one than the latter, in detection of sperm concentration, sperm motility and the percentage of PMS. CONCLUSIONS IVOS Ⅱ and SCA both had a good consistency in the results of sperm concentration, motility and progressive motility, but showed a poor comparability with low-concentration semen samples.Objective To investigate the prevalence of urogenital tract infections with Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and human papilloma virus (HPV) in males of reproductive age and the associated factors. METHODS Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method and a structured questionnaire, we conducted an investigation among 18－50 years old males in Songjiang District, Shanghai, from August 2016 to July 2018. We collected secretory specimens from the urogenital tract of the subjects and detected the infections of UU and HPV by laboratory examination. RESULTS Among the 621 males included in this study, 279 (44.93%) were found infected with UU, 18 (2.90%) with HPV, and 15 (2.42%) with both UU and HPV. Univariate analysis showed that smokers had a higher rate of UU infection (50.54% ［140/277］) than non-smokers (40.41 ［139/344］), and those with senior high school or secondary technical school education had a higher rate of HPV infection (4.84% ［12/248］) than others (1.61% ［6/373］). Binary stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of UU infection in the subjects with junior high school or lower education than in others (OR = 0.