These researches will help health-care providers to use antibiotics appropriately and to overcome the barriers of implementing ASPs.
 
  The results of this study show that the researchers had high levels of interest in participating in research activities related to the appropriate use on antibiotics and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
 The results of this study show that the researchers had high levels of interest in participating in research activities related to the appropriate use on antibiotics and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs.Preparation of medicinal plants for experimental purposes is an initial step and key in achieving quality research outcome. It involves extraction and determination of quality and quantity of bioactive constituents before proceeding with the intended biological testing. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate various methods used in the preparation and screening of medicinal plants in our daily research. Although the extracts, bioactive fractions, or compounds obtained from medicinal plants are used for different purposes, the techniques involved in producing them are generally the same irrespective of the intended biological testing. The major stages included in acquiring quality bioactive molecule are the selection of an appropriate solvent, extraction methods, phytochemical screening procedures, fractionation methods, and identification techniques. The nitty-gritty of these methods and the exact road map followed solely depends on the research design. Solvents commonly used in extraction of medicinal plants are polar solvent (e.g., water, alcohols), intermediate polar (e.g., acetone, dichloromethane), and nonpolar (e.g., n-hexane, ether, chloroform). In general, extraction procedures include maceration, digestion, decoction, infusion, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, superficial extraction, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted extractions. Fractionation and purification of phytochemical substances are achieved through application of various chromatographic techniques such as paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, compounds obtained are characterized using diverse identification techniques such as mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Subsequently, different methods described above can be grouped and discussed according to the intended biological testing to guide young researchers and make them more focused.Background  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from the sphenoid sinus lateral recess (SSLR) is very rare. Majority prefer transpterygoid approach which is extensive and time consuming. Two such cases were managed with least possible dissection/destruction of paranasal sinus. Methods  Two cases of SSLR were accessed through the ipsilateral nostril from the side of CSF leak. Wide ipsilateral anterior sphenoidotomy was done preserving intersinus septum of sphenoid sinus. Middle turbinate was lateralized and remaining paranasal structures were preserved. Two handed single nostril approach was done in both the cases by 45- and 70-degree endoscope along with angled instruments. SSLR defects were visualized and packed with autologous fat graft and glue. Results  SSLR defects could be visualized and packed with fat graft in both the cases from ipsilateral side. Both cases had uneventful outcome with no leak with mean -follow-up of 11.5 months. Conclusion  Modified ipsilateral endonasal endoscopy trans-sphenoidal approach is least invasive technique for SSLR leak. Use of angled scope and instruments help in defect visualization, avoiding extensive paranasal sinus dissection and bony removal. Tedious time-consuming reconstructive procedures can be avoided with simple fat graft with good outcome.Background  The practice of neurosurgery in a teaching hospital requires modern diagnostic tools and a rigorous organization of care. Objectives  To present and discuss the management of neurosurgical emergencies in a teaching hospital in poor and low-income country. Patients and Methods  This is a retrospective and descriptive study from April 2015 to March 2017 and includes traumatic and nontraumatic neurosurgical emergencies. Epidemiological, diagnostic, operative, and outcome data were evaluated. Results  During the study period, 397 cases of neurosurgery were admitted. One hundred seventy-five of them were emergencies (43%), including 168 (96%) of traumatic origin. The average age was 32.5 years (1-80 years) with a male predominance 149 men for 26 women, the sex ratio was 6.68. The cause of the neurotraumatological emergency was mostly road accidents with 143 cases (85.1%). The trauma was brain injury in 155 patients (92.3%) and spine injury in 13 patients (7.7%). In 64.3% of cases, diagnostic imaging was done beyond 48 hours. Surgery time was more than 48 hours when it was performed (21 cases). Outcome was good for 19 patients. Overall and postoperative mortality were, respectively, 34.5% (58 cases) and 9.5% (2 cases). Conclusion  Neurosurgical emergencies care at the Departmental Teaching Hospital of Ouémé-Plateau has become a common activity with encouraging operating results despite difficult practice conditions.
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of cheiloscopy (the study of lip prints) and dermatoglyphics (the study of fingerprints) in screening diabetic patients.
 
  The study sample comprised 100 individuals in the age group of 17-60 years, of which fifty were diabetics and fifty controls who reported to the Department of Oral Medicine, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html  Lip prints were collected and categorized based on the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Fingerprint patterns were obtained and classified according to the Henry's system of classification.
 
  Type II and IV lip print patterns were predominant in diabetic patients and Type I lip print patterns in controls. The difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in fingerprint patterns between the study groups. Gender-wise analysis for lip print and fingerprint patterns did not yield significant results.
 
  Cheiloscopy is a potential screening tool for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dermatoglyphics cannot be used as a screening tool in type 2 diabetes mellitus.