https://www.selleckchem.com/products/namodenoson-cf-102.html 09; 95% CI 1.43, 3.06) and MSD (HR 2.89; 95% CI 1.10, 7.59). Maternal antibiotic use was a risk factor for prolonged/persistent diarrhea (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.04, 2.55). Infants living in households with a pit latrine were 1.44 (95% CI 1.19, 1.74) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.04, 2.14) times more likely to experience diarrhea and MSD, respectively, relative to those with a flush toilet. Current exclusive breastfeeding was protective against MSD (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.15, 0.58) relative to infants receiving no breast milk. Reductions in maternal diarrhea may result in substantial reductions in diarrhea morbidity among HEU children, in addition to standard diarrhea prevention interventions.Acute respiratory infections cause mortality in young children. We assessed the effects of water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and nutritional interventions on childhood ARI. Geographic clusters of pregnant women from rural Bangladesh were randomly assigned to receive 1) chlorinated drinking water and safe storage (W); 2) upgraded sanitation (S); 3) handwashing promotion (H); 4) combined water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH); 5) nutrition intervention including lipid-based nutrient supplements; 6) combined WSH plus nutrition (WSHN); or 7) no intervention (control). Masking of participants was not possible. Acute respiratory illness was defined as caregiver-reported persistent cough, panting, wheezing, or difficulty breathing in the past 7 days among index children, those born to enrolled women. We assessed outcomes at 12 and 24 months of intervention using intention to treat. Compared with children in the control group (ARI prevalence, P 8.9%), caregivers of index children reported significantly lower ARI in the water (P 6.3%, prevalence ratio (PR) 0.71; 95% CI 0.53, 0.96), sanitation (P 6.4%, PR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.96), handwashing (P 6.4%, PR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50, 0.93), and the combined WSH+N arms (P 5.9%, PR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50, 0.90). Th