After binding to the Oct4 promoter, Oplr16 recruited TET2 to induce DNA demethylation and activate Oct4 in fibroblasts, leading to enhanced reprogramming. These data suggest that Oplr16 may act as a pivotal chromatin factor to control stem cell fate by modulating chromatin architecture and DNA demethylation. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.Transmission of direct-acting antiviral(DAA) resistance associated substitutions(RAS) could hamper hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure rates and ultimately jeopardize elimination efforts. A phylogenetic analysis of 87 men-who-have-sex-with-men recently infected with HCV genotype 1a demonstrated that one-third(28/87) belonged to a single large cluster in which 96% harbored the NS5A M28V RAS. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Drug development involves a deep understanding of the mechanisms of action and possible side effects of each drug, and sometimes results in the identification of new and unexpected uses for drugs, termed as drug repurposing. Both in case of serendipitous observations and systematic mechanistic explorations, confirmation of new indications for a drug requires hypothesis building around relevant drug-related data, such as molecular targets involved, and patient and cellular responses. These datasets are available in public repositories, but apart from sifting through the sheer amount of data imposing computational bottleneck, a major challenge is the difficulty in selecting which databases to use from an increasingly large number of available databases. The database selection is made harder by the lack of an overview of the types of data offered in each database. In order to alleviate these problems and to guide the end user through the drug repurposing efforts, we provide here a survey of 102 of the most promising and drug-relevant databases reported to date. We summarize the target coverage and types of data available in each database and provide several examples of how multi-database exploration can facilitate drug repurposing. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Secretions of the endometrium are vital for peri-implantation growth and development of the sheep conceptus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in the uterine lumen, emanate from both the endometrial epithelia of the uterus and trophectoderm of the conceptus, and hypothesized to mediate communication between those cell types during pregnancy establishment in sheep. Size exclusion chromatography and nanoparticle tracking analysis determined that total EV number in the uterine lumen increased from days 10 to 14 of the cycle but was lower on days 12 and 14 of pregnancy in sheep. Intrauterine infusions of IFNT did not affect total EV number in the uterine lumen. Quantitative mass spectrometric analyses defined proteins and lipids in EVs isolated from the uterine lumen of day 14 cyclic and pregnant sheep. In vitro analyses found that EVs decreased ovine trophectoderm cell proliferation and increased IFNT production without effects on gene expression as determined by RNA-seq. Collective results support the idea EVs impact conceptus growth during pregnancy establishment via effects on trophectoderm cell growth. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction.BACKGROUND Inflammation is a major risk factor for frailty, but n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been suggested as an anti-inflammatory agent. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the higher erythrocyte levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA were associated with lower odds of frailty and frailty criterion. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, a total of 1,435 people aged 70-84 years were included. Sex- and age-stratified community residents, drawn in urban and rural regions nationwide, were eligible for participation in the study. All participants were categorized as frail and non-frail according to the Cardiovascular Health Study index. RESULTS The likelihood of frailty was inversely associated with the erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; odds ratio, OR per unit 0.33; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.14-0.77; P for trend = 0.002) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; OR per unit 0.42; 95% CI 0.20-0.87; P for trend = 0.018). Among each frailty criterion, the likelihood of slow walking speed was associated with erythrocyte levels of EPA and DHA, and the likelihood of exhaustion was inversely associated with the erythrocyte levels of DHA. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the frailty and frailty criterion were significantly associated with lower erythrocyte levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA, suggesting that lower n-3 PUFA could be a marker for the risk of frailty. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/perhexiline-maleate.html  All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Early stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is known to be accompanied by angiogenesis and morphological changes of microvessels. Transcription factor Sox2 is amplified in various cancers including ESCC, but the role of Sox2 in the carcinogenesis and angiogenesis has not been determined. Hence, we aimed to investigate the role of Sox2 in the early stage of ESCC. We found that the expression of Sox2 was significantly higher in early stage ESCC tissues than that in their adjacent normal tissues. We then established Sox2-inducible normal human esophageal squamous cell line (HetSox2) to investigate the role of Sox2 in esophageal carcinogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro. Sox2 overexpression led to increased cell proliferation and spheroid formation. The culture supernatant of Sox2-overexpressing HetSox2 induced migration and sprouting of endothelial cell line HUVEC. As for the mechanism, we found that the expression of secreted protein Suprabasin was directly induced by Sox2. Suprabasin enhanced proliferation of normal human esophageal squamous cells and HUVEC when added to the culture.