Conclusion In relation to the plight of the refugee child, wellbeing seems to refer to an abstract ontology of desirable states of the human experience, far removed from the real day-to-day lives of individuals shaped by social suffering and structural violence.PurposeThis article explores how newly-arrived children with a refugee background describe their everyday lives in the Netherlands, with a focus on how they perceive their peer relations and the broader social climate in the host country. MethodsIn this case study, focus groups were conducted with 46 Syrian-born children with a refugee background, ranging between the ages of 8 to 17 years old. All participants have a temporary residence permit and live in Rotterdam together with (part of) their family. A board game was developed as a research tool to stimulate children to share their perspectives on their friends and experiences with inclusion and exclusion. ResultsAn important finding is that all of the children have friends in the Netherlands. The majority of their friends have an Arab background, and different reasons for this composition are discussed. Furthermore, although all of the children expressed that they feel welcome in Dutch society, they had also encountered exclusion, which generates emotional responses. ConclusionUsing a theoretical boundary perspective, we show that children are involuntarily subjected to symbolic boundary drawing by others, while taking part in boundary work themselves too. Within the domains of the children's social networks and the broader social climate in the Netherlands, we further examined the relations between symbolic and social boundaries.
  Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only proven effective medication for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Two approaches that may augment recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis and prevent arterial reocclusion are direct thrombin inhibition with argatroban and inhibition of the glycoprotein 2b/3a receptor with eptifibatide.
 
  The multi-arm optimization of stroke thrombolysis trial aims to determine the safety and efficacy of intravenous therapy with argatroban or eptifibatide as compared with placebo in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of symptom onset.
 
  A maximum of 1200 randomized subjects to test the superiority of argatroban or eptifibatide to placebo in improving 90-day modified Rankin scores.
 
  Multiarm optimization of stroke thrombolysis is a multicenter, multiarm, adaptive, single blind, randomized controlled phase 3 clinical trial conducted within the National Institutes of Health StrokeNet clinical trial network. Patients treated with 0.9 mg/kg intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of stroke symptom onset are randomized to receive intravenous argatroban (100 µg/kg bolus followed by 3 µg/kg/min for 12 h), intravenous eptifibatide (135 µg/kg bolus followed by 0.75 µg/kg/min infusion for 2 h) or IV placebo. Patients may receive endovascular thrombectomy per usual care.
 
  The primary efficacy outcome is improved modified Rankin score assessed at 90 days post-randomization.
 
  Multiarm optimization of stroke thrombolysis is an innovative and collaborative project that is the culmination of many years of dedicated efforts to improve outcomes for stroke patients.
 Multiarm optimization of stroke thrombolysis is an innovative and collaborative project that is the culmination of many years of dedicated efforts to improve outcomes for stroke patients.The present study explores the role of marital histories in how older women navigate their friendships and how they provide care for, receive care from, and help friends. Nineteen semi-structured interviews with older women (mean age = 75.89) were conducted. All participants had at least a high-school education and identified as non-Hispanic White (N = 19). Three major themes emerged 1) similarities and differences in friendship among marrieds and unmarrieds, 2) shifts in friendships after marital loss, and 3) caregiving and helping friends. These findings have implications for how older women view friendship and for policies concerning caregiving and friendship.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of human death and disability with no effective therapy to fully prevent long-term neurological deficits in surviving patients. Ketone ester supplementation is protective in animal models of neurodegeneration, but its efficacy against TBI pathophysiology is unknown. Here, we assessed the neuroprotective effect of the ketone monoester, 3-hydroxybutyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, (KE) in male Sprague Dawley rats (n=32). TBI was induced using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) with Sham animals not receiving the brain impact. KE was administered daily by oral gavage (0.5 ml/kg/day) and provided ad libitum at 0.3% (v/v) in the drinking water. KE supplementation started immediately after TBI and lasted for the duration of the study.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Motor and sensory deficits were assessed using the Neurobehavioral Severity Scale-Revised (NSS-R) at four weeks post-injury. The NSS-R total score in CCI + KE (1.2 ± 0.4) was significantly lower than in CCI + water (4.4 ± 0.5). Similarly, the NSS-R motor scores in CCI + KE (0.6 ± 0.7) were significantly lower than CCI + water (2.9 ± 1.5). Although the NSS-R sensory score in the CCI + KE group (0.5 ± 0.2) was significantly lower compared to CCI + water (1.8 ± 0.4), no difference was observed between CCI + water and Sham + water (1.0 ± 0.2) groups. The lesion volume was smaller in the CCI + KE (10 ± 3 mm3) compared to CCI + water (47 ± 11 mm3; p  less then  0.001). KE significantly decreased Iba1+ stained areas in the cortex and hippocampus, and GFAP+ stained areas in all brain regions analyzed - prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cortex, amygdala (p  less then  0.01). In summary, our results indicate that KE can protect against TBI-induced morphological and functional deficits when administered immediately after an insult.