Our report demonstrates that the fellow eye of a patient with PCG may be at risk of sudden raised IOP resulting in acute hydrops, and early treatment may help to prevent this phenomenon in the fellow eye.
  To determine the rates of primary and recurrent glaucoma tube shunt erosions in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections.
 
  Retrospective case series.
 
  Patients with AMD who underwent tube revision for erosion at the Duke Eye Center from January 1, 1999, to January 1, 2019, were identified. Patients with and without anti-VEGF injections were compared.
 
  Patient demographics, ocular diagnoses, glaucoma tube shunt types and locations, and dates of glaucoma surgeries and anti-VEGF injections were collected. Statistical analyses were performed with P < 0.05 as significant.
 
  Outcome measures included the number of tube erosions, time from anti-VEGF injection to tube erosion, and secondary complications after tube revisions.
 
  A total of 150 patients with AMD with anti-VEGF (309 tubes) and 262 patients with AMD without anti-VEGF (459 tubes) were identified. There was no statistically significant difference in the nummary tube erosion.
 Our results suggest intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are linked to higher rates of recurrent glaucoma tube erosions in patients with AMD. The majority of patients received chronic and serial anti-VEGF injections. Thus, additional consideration should be given to glaucoma surgical planning in patients receiving anti-VEGF injections, especially in those with a primary tube erosion.
  To evaluate for relative palpebral and orbital changes after long-term unilateral exposure to prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in patients with childhood glaucoma.
 
  Prospective cross-sectional cohort study.
 
  A total of 29 patients with history of childhood glaucoma, who were treated unilaterally with PGAs for at least 12 months.
 
  Based on 4 standardized clinical photographs (en face with eyes open, right and left side views with eyes open, and en face with eyes closed), 3 masked expert graders each independently selected the eye they perceived to have received unilateral PGA treatment by physical appearance alone and graded the following features relative to the other eye (1) ocular (e.g., conjunctival hyperemia, iris heterochromia, and buphthalmos), (2) palpebral (e.g., eyelash trichomegaly, eyelash hypertrichosis, eyelid erythema, eyelid edema, eyelid hyperpigmentation, high upper eyelid crease, upper eyelid ptosis, upper and/or lower eyelid retraction, and eyelid skin atrophy with presence of telangiectients. The inter-rater reliability was excellent (κ= 0.815, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [0.605, 1.000]).
 
  Mild-to-moderate changes in the ocular adnexa can develop in children and young adults with long-term PGA exposure. Patients and their families should be educated on the possibility of PAP, especially when initiating monocular PGA therapy.
 Mild-to-moderate changes in the ocular adnexa can develop in children and young adults with long-term PGA exposure. Patients and their families should be educated on the possibility of PAP, especially when initiating monocular PGA therapy.
  To evaluate the effect of changes in position in the trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) by simultaneously measuring and comparing intracranial pressure (ICP) with intraocular pressure (IOP) in seated and supine positions.
 
  Prospective cohort study.
 
  Patients admitted to the neurosurgery unit at Toronto Western Hospital with an external ventricular drain placed for ICP monitoring. Exclusion criteria were any ophthalmic surgical procedures within the preceding 6 months, history of glaucoma, and corneal abnormalities affecting IOP measurement.
 
  Intraocular pressure and ICP were recorded simultaneously in both the supine and seated positions with the order of positions randomized. Measurements were made 10 minutes after assuming each position. The TLCPD (IOP minus ICP) was calculated for the sitting and supine positions. The paired t test was used to assess significance of differences.
 
  The TLCPD.
 
  Twenty patients were included in the study. The average age was 54±17 years. Results were similar for left and right eyes. Data are shown for right eyes only. Mean sitting and supine IOPs were 15.3±3.5 mmHg and 15.9±3.7 mmHg, respectively (P= 0.32). Mean sitting and supine ICPs were 12.5±6.8 mmHg and 12.8±5.1 mmHg, respectively (P= 0.66). Mean TLCPD was 3.1±6.0 mmHg in the sitting position and 3.1±7.0 mmHg in the supine position (P= 1.00). Supine TLCPD increased in 10 patients (50%), decreased in 8 patients (40%), and was unchanged in 2 patients (10%).
 
  In this pilot study of 20 neurosurgical patients without glaucoma, posture-induced TLCPD changes were variable.
 In this pilot study of 20 neurosurgical patients without glaucoma, posture-induced TLCPD changes were variable.
  To compare the average intraocular pressure (IOP) among smokers, past smokers, and never smokers using the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry.
 
  Retrospective database study of the IRIS® Registry data.
 
  Intelligent Research in Sight Registry patients who were seen by an eye care provider during2017.
 
  Patients were divided into current smoker, past smoker, and never smoker categories. The IOP was based on an average measurement, and separate analyses were performed in patients with and without a glaucoma diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases (Ninth Edition and Tenth Edition) codes. Stratified, descriptive statistics by glaucoma status were determined, and the relationship between smoking and IOP was assessed with a multivariate linear regression model.
 
  Mean IOP.
 
  A total of 12 535 013 patients were included. Compared with never smokers, current and past smokers showed a statistically significantly higher IOP by 0.92 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.95 mmHg) and 0.77 mmHg (95% CI, 0.75-0.79 mmHg), respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma surgery, cataract surgery, and first-order interactions.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tasquinimod.html  In addition, the difference in IOP between current and never smokers was the highest in the fourth decade, regardless of the glaucoma status (glaucoma group, 1.14 mmHg [95% CI, 1.00-1.29 mmHg]; without glaucoma group, 0.68 mmHg [95% CI, 0.65-0.71 mmHg]).
 
  Current smokers and past smokers have higher IOP than patients who never smoked. This difference is higher in patients with an underlying glaucoma diagnosis.
 Current smokers and past smokers have higher IOP than patients who never smoked. This difference is higher in patients with an underlying glaucoma diagnosis.