https://www.selleckchem.com/products/caerulein.html In Toamasina, the second largest city in Madagascar with 326,286 inhabitants and located at sea level, 97% of households uses latrines. The city produces 14,100 m³ faecal sludge per year and 28,000 latrines need to be emptied annually. Most latrines are emptied manually and sludge used to be buried in the compound, thus contaminating sub surface water that is used for domestic purposes by 60% of the population. This article shows how through an action-research process coordinated by Join For Water emptying, transport and treatment services were improved, these services remain accessible to the lowest social class, and a profitable private service provider, Clean Impact, was created. It further describes the construction of a treatment plant consisting of planted humification beds, and the process towards a sustainable exploitation, today managed by Clean Impact.The three types of silica supported sulfuric acids (SSA), with the same sulfuric acid loading of 9.25 mmol g-1, were prepared by a wet impregnation method from silica gel (SG), SBA-15 and MCM-41. Characterization of the prepared SSA showed that two anchoring states coexisted for sulfuric acid supported on the surface of the silicas A physiosorbed (P)-state sulfuric acid; and a chemically bonded (C)-state sulfuric acid. Dynamic adsorption results showed that each SSA had a significant removal capacity for o-xylene gas in the reactive temperature regions. The ranges of the reactive regions were 120-220 °C (SSA/SG), 120-230 °C (SSA/SBA-15) and 120-250 °C (SSA/MCM-41), and this could be attributed to the sulfonation reaction between o-xylene and the anchored sulfuric acid. SSA/MCM-41 showed the highest theoretical breakthrough adsorption capacity (QB, th, 526.71 mg g-1) compared with SSA/SBA-15 (363.54 mg g-1) and SSA/SG (239.15 mg g-1). QB, th was closely associated with the amount or proportion of the C-state sulfuric acid on the surface of each SSA. Optimum b