89 (-3.10-4.88), 3.40 (-0.31-7.12), and 2.81 (-1.71-7.32)). The smartwatch is currently not well suited to calculate caloric expenditure when performing exercise tasks on a wheelchair treadmill and arm cycle ergometry. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.OBJECTIVE High-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of inflammatory reaction and acute arterial thrombosis. Celastrol has been confirmed to regulate inflammatory cytokine levels in atherosclerotic animal models. However, the anti-thrombotic effects of celastrol have remained to be fully demonstrated. The present study was performed to investigate the beneficial effect of celastrol in HFD-induced inflammatory reaction and thrombosis in apolipoprotein (apo)E-/- mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thrombogenic mice model was established using HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. The levels of mRNA and protein were assayed by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to measure the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the aortic endothelium of HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the effect of HFD on inflammatory cytokines in mice with apoE-/- background was reversed by celastrol administration, and celastrol treatment inhibited the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1/interleukin-1β signaling cascades in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. In addition, HFD enhanced adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in normal C57BL/6 and apoE-/- mice, while celastrol administration reversed this. Furthermore, celastrol inhibited the pro-thrombotic effects of HFD in apoE-/- mice, and the underlying mechanism was mediated, at least partially, through the suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression. CONCLUSIONS Celastrol administration significantly attenuated HFD-induced inflammatory reaction, platelet aggregation and thrombosis in apoE-/- mice, and celastrol may be used as a drug for the prevention of HFD-induced inflammatory reaction and thrombus. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.BACKGROUND  Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a severe form of early onset epileptic encephalopathy caused by disturbances in the glycine cleavage system; the neurological damage is mainly attributed to overstimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. CASE  The patient presented with a severe form of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and experienced frequent epileptic spasms and focal seizures, which were resistant to vigabatrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy, and combined dextromethorphan and sodium benzoate treatments. By 9 months of age, perampanel reduced epileptic spasms by >50%. At 14 months of age, the ketogenic diet markedly reduced focal seizures and glycine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSION  Perampanel reduced fast excitatory neuronal activity, which was induced by an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor, followed by prolonged electrical depolarizations due to an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Furthermore, the ketogenic diet may have modulated the excessive neurotoxic cascade through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Perampanel and ketogenic diet were effective for seizure control in our patient. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.OBJECTIVE  The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration at birth and the short-term outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Our secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of postnatal vitamin D supplementation on outcomes in the perinatal period after hypoxic injury. STUDY DESIGN  This retrospective cohort study included all infants ≥35 weeks gestation admitted to a regional level IV neonatal intensive care unit and diagnosed with moderate or severe HIE. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations between clinical outcomes including standardized brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores and either 25OHD concentrations in the first 48 hours of life or total vitamin D supplementation. RESULT  A total of 43 infants met inclusion criteria; 22 had 25OHD concentrations drawn within the first 48 hours. There was a significant inverse association between 25OHD concentration and brain injury on MRI (p = 0.017). There was a trend toward decreased ventilator days in infants receiving higher doses of vitamin D in the first week of life (p = 0.062), but there was no association between vitamin D dosing and MRI injury. CONCLUSION  These results support an association between lower vitamin-D levels and early adverse outcomes in HIE, including radiographic severity of brain injury.  https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html  Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.BACKGROUND  Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) is increasingly applied in neurorehabilitation of patients with severe neurological impairments. To date, there are only anecdotal reports investigating its effects. OBJECTIVES  This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of DAT in pediatric inpatient neurorehabilitation for severely neurologically impaired children and adolescents, to identify characteristics of patients receiving this therapy, characteristics of the therapy sessions, and to evaluate feasibility and extent of goal achievement. METHODS  We retrospectively analyzed 850 DAT sessions performed between 2010 and 2017 at an inpatient neurorehabilitation center. The dataset included 196 children and adolescents (Md = 5.50, 0.58-20.33 years) suffering from severe neurological impairments (disorders of consciousness in 37 patients) of various etiologies. We extracted information regarding patient and session characteristics, analyzed the predefined goals with content analysis, and examined to what extent the goals were met during DAT. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS  Patients received an average of 4.34 therapy sessions. A total of 247 of 392 predefined goals (63%) were reached during DAT. The most frequently achieved goal was "enhancing fun" (83%), followed by "establishing contact and communication" (81%), and "relaxation" (71%). Only one critical incident regarding the dogs' safety occurred. CONCLUSION  DAT is a feasible approach and appears to facilitate emotional, social, and psychological goals in children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.