67-0.84; HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07-1.91; HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.53-1.03). After stratification for PD-L1 expression, OS, PFS, and ORR of PD-L1 positive patients were significantly increased in the experimental group (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.96; HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.49; HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.75).
 
  Immunological checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic drugs as a first-line treatment for mRCC improve PFS and ORR. This effect is more pronounced in PD-L1 positive patients, where ICIs also improve OS. ICIs do not increase the incidence of adverse events.
 Immunological checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic drugs as a first-line treatment for mRCC improve PFS and ORR. This effect is more pronounced in PD-L1 positive patients, where ICIs also improve OS. ICIs do not increase the incidence of adverse events.
  Facing the global threat of emerging resistance to antibiotics, tigecycline, a novel glycylcycline antibiotic, is developed to against multidrug-resistant pathogens, but not recommended for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI). We performed a summary of the literatures to characterize and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in patients with cUTI.
 
  We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Clinical Trials using appropriate syntax to retrieve potential articles up to Jan 2020. General information, pathogen, medication regimen, comorbidities of patients from eligible literatures were recorded. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to detect the potential factors associated with clinical cure.
 
  Nineteen articles comprising 31 cases were included. The subpopulation with transplantation (25.8% of the patients) was the most common comorbidity, and cUTIs were mainly caused by 
  (
  ) (48.28%) in our research. Tigecycline 100 mg per day as monotherapy was most common. Clinical cure was reported as majority (77.4%), and microbiological eradication cases accounted for the most (65.2%) among the clinical cure cases. Univariate analysis showed that 
  caused cUTI and tigecycline as a single treatment have significant meaning to clinical outcomes (P=0.044 and P=0.034, respectively).
 
  Clinical and microbiological outcomes of tigecycline treatment revealed high rate of successful response. Tigecycline monotherapy may have a role in the treatment of cUTI except that caused by the pathogen 
  . Further randomized controlled trials was still needed to evaluate tigecycline monotherapy for cUTI.
 Clinical and microbiological outcomes of tigecycline treatment revealed high rate of successful response. Tigecycline monotherapy may have a role in the treatment of cUTI except that caused by the pathogen K. pneumoniae. Further randomized controlled trials was still needed to evaluate tigecycline monotherapy for cUTI.
  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) could ameliorate the stage of locally advanced bladder cancer (LABC) which is defined in pT3/T4 and/or pN+, improve overall survival (OS) before radical cystectomy (RC). However, for LABC, the decision to use adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after NAC and RC is still controversial.
 
  We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for literature that reported prognosis after using AC following NAC and RC. Cumulative analyses of hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. We performed all analyses by Review Manager software, version 5.3, and Stata 15.0.
 
  Six retrospective cohort studies were included, involving 4,346 patients. Pooled analysis results showed that using AC after NAC and RC can improve OS (HR =0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.94, P=0.002; I
  =0%) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR =0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.99, P=0.04; I
  =0%) but cannot extend recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR =0.52, 95% CI 0.27-1.01, P=0.05; I
  =53%) for LABC patients.
 
  This pooled analysis shows that AC after NAC and RC can improve the prognosis for patients with LABC.
 This pooled analysis shows that AC after NAC and RC can improve the prognosis for patients with LABC.
  Previous studies have suggested that the possible relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and testosterone. However, the results of previous studies are controversial and there is limited evidence examining the relationship between SUA and testosterone in a general US population of men.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bupivacaine.html  The objective of this study is to explore the correlation of SUA and testosterone among adult males from the US.
 
  Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016 were used, including a total of 7,796 male participants aged 18 years or older and excluding those lacking serum testosterone and uric acid data. Clinical characteristics of the participants among different SUA groups and testosterone groups are compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between SUA and testosterone.
 
  We found an inverse association between SUA and testosterone after fully adjusted the potential confounding factors in general US adult males. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, we found that increasing age (estimate testosterone percent difference -0.20% per year, P<0.01), uric acid (estimate testosterone percent difference -4.40% per md/dL, P<0.01) and BMI (estimate testosterone percent difference -2.86% per kg/m2, P<0.01) were associated with declining serum testosterone. This association remained significant in sensitivity analysis, while in the stratified analysis, above association was not significant in men with diabetes or aged 65 and over.
 
  SUA levels might be negatively associated with serum testosterone in adult males.
 SUA levels might be negatively associated with serum testosterone in adult males.
  Nerve injury-related erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the types that respond poorly to conventional ED treatments. Our previous experiments have demonstrated the paracrine of various neurotrophic factors (NTFs) by stem cells or other treatment modalities as a potential mechanism in the recovery of nerve injury-related ED. Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is one of the essential NTFs for the regeneration of nerve fibers, especially for parasympathetic nerves. The aim of this study is to explore if local continuous GDNF administration is beneficial for the functional and histological recovery of nerve injury induced ED.
 
  Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. Rats were randomly grouped into 5 Sham surgery (Sham), bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) and placebo treatment, BCNI and 0.1 µg/100 µL GDNF treatment (BCNI+GDNF 0.1), BCNI and 1 µg/100 µL GDNF treatment (BCNI+GDNF 1), BCNI and 10 µg/100 µL GDNF treatment (BCNI+GDNF 10). GDNF was administered using an osmotic pump technique which would deliver GDNF locally and continuously for 28 days without the need for external connections or frequent handling of animals.