05). There were no significant differences in postoperative anteroposterior laxity and graft failure rate between the groups. In group B, four patients (23.5%) required surgery for incomplete meniscal healing. Postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores of patients with BHMTs were significantly lower than those of patients without any meniscal tear, although with significant improvement in the amount of instability. Level of evidence was Level III.
  In young children, growth-friendly spinal implants with bilateral rib to pelvis fixation are used to control progressive spinal deformity. Whereas curve progression, complications and side-effects have been extensively studied in this patient population, no data are available on gait pattern changes and postural body adjustments. Our study evaluates whether gait pattern changed for ambulatory children treated with bilateral rib to pelvis implants compared to age-matched healthy children.
 
  In this small cohort study, gait analysis was performed using spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of four ambulatory children with severe scoliosis and growth-friendly spinal implants using the bilateral rib to pelvis fixation. Data were statistically analyzed and compared to seven healthy age-matched children.
 
  Between both groups, no differences were seen in walking speed, cadence and stride length. The treated patients showed a lower range of motion of the pelvic obliquity and of the trunk obliquity and rotation, but a higher knee flexion.
 
  Growth-friendly spinal implants with bilateral rib to pelvis fixation are commonly used in wheelchair children and rarely indicated in ambulatory patients.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB939.html  The presented data show reduced trunk and pelvis motion using this implant construct. These findings help to understand body postural adjustments and add valuable information for families and care providers when considering this surgery.
 
  Therapeutic level IV.
 Therapeutic level IV.
  To compare outcomes following open reduction with and without femoral shortening when treating patients aged 2-3 years with Tönnis grade III developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
 
  In this prospective study, 78 patients (6 boys and 72 girls; mean age 27.8 months; age range 24-35 months) with Tönnis grade III DDH at our hospital from January 2014 to August 2017 were included. There were 34 hips in the without femoral shortening group and 44 hips in the femoral shortening group. Clinical outcomes were rated using the modified McKay criteria, and the hips were graded using the Severin score. Avascular necrosis (AVN) and redislocation were assessed.
 
  Mean follow-up was 26.5 months (range 17-32 months). In the without femoral shortening group (n = 34), there were five patients with AVN (14.7%), and 30 scored excellent and 4 scored good results per the modified McKay criteria. Further, 28 excellent and six good results were obtained using the Severin scale; no patient had redislocation. In the femoral shortening group(n = 44), there were seven patients with AVN (15.9%), and 38 scored excellent and six scored good results per the modified McKay criteria. Further, 31 excellent and 13 good results were obtained using the Severin scale; no patient had redislocation. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences based on Modified McKay criteria, Severin score and AVN rate.
 
  Femoral shortening is not required for children aged 2-3 years with Tönnis grade III DDH.
 Femoral shortening is not required for children aged 2-3 years with Tönnis grade III DDH.The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical presentation and extent of surgery required based on skeletal maturity between two cohorts of adolescent hip arthroscopy patients. We hypothesized that skeletal immaturity would be associated with a lower frequency of pincer impingement and a decreased need for surgical acetabuloplasty. A database of 1481 hip arthroscopies performed by a single orthopaedic surgeon between 2008 and 2016 was queried. Patients ≤18 years of age with femoroacetabular impingement were divided into two groups based on Risser score Risser 1-4 (skeletally immature) or Risser 5 (skeletally mature). Groups were compared with respect to presentation, diagnosis, and arthroscopic procedures performed. Eighty-eight skeletally immature and 49 skeletally mature patients were included. Mixed impingement was more common in skeletally mature patients than immature (67.3% vs. 48.9%, P = 0.037). Skeletal maturity was associated with a significantly increased probability of undergoing acetabuloplasty (odds ratio = 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4-15.5; P = 0.014). Extent of chondral degeneration was similar between groups. Our findings support the hypothesis that skeletally immature hips undergo acetabuloplasty less frequently and demonstrate similar chondromalacia compared with a skeletally mature cohort. These results suggest that arthroscopic treatment for impingement-associated hip pain may be a reasonable option to consider for symptomatic skeletally immature patients who have completed a structured course of nonoperative treatment. Additional longitudinal outcomes data are needed to clarify the natural history of impingement-associated hip pain in younger populations and whether hip arthroscopy delays progression of osteoarthritis in these patients.
  The academic impact of open access publications compared with conventional publications in orthopaedic surgery is not well described. The primary objective of this study was to compare the number of academic citations and social media posts between recent conventional and open access publications in orthopaedic surgery. Secondary objectives of this study were (1) to determine the correlation between academic citations and social media posts and (2) to study the trend of academic citations and social media posts over time.
 
  An internet-based study was performed on 3,720 articles from five high-impact orthopaedic journals and their associated open access journals from March 2017 to February 2019, including 2,929 conventional and 791 open access journal publications. Academic citations were quantified using Google Scholar and Web of Science, and social media mentions using Twitter. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons of nonparametric data, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated for correlations.