https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cd437.html Meningoencephalocele is a rare and potentially lethal disease, requiring early diagnosis and treatment. A 30-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a massive meningoencephalocele. His medical history included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea since the age of 7 years, which was attributed to right eye mining during infancy due to Coats disease. Following failed attempts of open surgical repair and CSF diversion during childhood, no further attempts of surgical management were made. He presented a long history of recurrent episodes of meningitis, resulting in long-lasting hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Eventually, he underwent surgical repair through an endoscopic multilayer approach. Subsequent endoscopic and radiological assessment demonstrated no recurrence during a follow-up period of one year. Endoscopic treatment is highly successful. An effective and definite surgical repair is of paramount importance in order to avoid life-threatening complications, improve patient's and caregiver's quality of life, and avoid unnecessary health-system costs. Copyright © 2020, Kosmidou et al.A hibernoma is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor composed of brown adipose cells; the mediastinal location as presentation is scarce, with only six cases previously reported. The diagnosis of hibernoma is challenging and must be made based on the clinical, radiographic, and cytologic features. Here we present a 33-year-old woman without any relevant medical history presented for outpatient evaluation of a dry cough persisting for three months, and the X-rays revealed a dense well-defined mass with smooth borders in the left upper posterior mediastinum. Posterior mediastinal lesions represent a relatively small proportion of patient loads in thoracic surgery and account for a total of 25% of the cases, with neurogenic tumors among the most frequently seen in adults. Of these, the nerve sheath tumors (schwannoma, neurofibro