INTRODUCTION Although neighborhood crime has been associated with mental health problems, longitudinal research utilizing objective measures of small-area crime and mental health service use is lacking. This study examines how local crime is associated with newly prescribed psychotropic medications in a large longitudinal sample of Scottish adults and explores whether the relationships vary between sociodemographic groups. METHODS Data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study, a 5.3% representative sample of the population, were linked with police-recorded crime in 2011 for residential locality and with psychotropic medications from 2009 to 2014, extracted from the prescription data set of National Health Service Scotland. Individuals receiving medication during the first 6 months of observation were excluded; the remaining sample was followed for 5.5 years. Covariate-adjusted, multilevel mixed-effects logistic models estimated associations between area crime and prescriptions for antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics (analyzed in 2018-2019).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/3-deazaneplanocin-a-dznep.html  RESULTS After adjustment for individual and neighborhood covariates, findings on 129,945 adults indicated elevated risk of antidepressant (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00, 1.10) and antipsychotic (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.03, 1.39), but not anxiolytic (OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.93, 1.05) medication in high-crime areas. Crime showed stronger positive association with antidepressants among individuals (especially women) aged 24-53 years in 2009 and with antipsychotics among men aged 44-53 years in 2009. Skilled workers and people from lower nonmanual occupations had increased risk of medications in high-crime areas. CONCLUSIONS Local crime is an important predictor of mental health, independent of individual and other contextual risk factors. Place-based crime prevention and targeting vulnerable groups may have benefits for population mental health. BACKGROUND The recently proposed adult diagnostic criteria for the Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) include a requirement of subclinical or mild thyroid disease. However, most case reports indicate that most children treated for HE do not have evidence of thyroid disease. We aim to evaluate the impact of applying the current adult diagnostic criteria to pediatric patients. METHODS Pediatric patients with HE were evaluated at time of symptom onset and follow up at least 1 year after initiation of immunomodulatory treatment for degree of impairment within the neuropsychiatric domains of cognition, language, psychiatric disturbance, seizure, movement disorder, sleep disruption, and overall functionality. We compared the response to treatment among patients stratified by the presence or absence of subclinical or mild thyroid disease using the Modified Rankin Scale, the Liverpool Outcome Score, and a novel multidomain scale designed for the population with pediatric autoimmune brain disorders. RESULTS Of 17 pediatric patients treated for HE, 6 met full adult diagnostic criteria, whereas 11 patients did not meet criteria solely owing to the absence of thyroid disease. Using our novel scale, the 6 patients meeting full criteria had statistically significant improvement from time of onset of disease to follow up in the domain of cognition. The 11 patients who did not meet full criteria based on their absence of thyroid disease exhibited statistically significant improvement from time of onset of disease to follow up in the domains of cognition, language, psychiatric disturbance, movement, and sleep. CONCLUSIONS Rigidly applying the current diagnostic criteria to pediatric patients with suspected HE may result in the failure to treat potential responders. We propose a set of diagnostic criteria for HE in children, which does not require thyroid disease but include abrupt onset cognitive regression with deficits in one or more other neuropsychiatric domains in the setting of antithyroid antibodies. Temperature rise in surgical bone drilling is an important factor that leads to death of the bone cells, known as Osteonecrosis, and results into poor osteosynthesis i.e. implant failure. The present work aims to study the temperature rise during bone drilling by a recently developed operation theatre (OT) compatible machine. The temperature during the drilling process was recorded from K-type thermocouple devices, which were embedded in the human tibial bone at four different positions (at 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm) from the drilling site. Comparative study revealed that rotary ultrasonic bone drilling (RUBD) technique produced lesser temperature (40 - 50%) than conventional drilling on human tibia. Statistical model was developed to predict the temperature rise in RUBD process using response surface methodology (RSM), and the optimum parameters were determined using Genetic Algorithm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out at a confidence interval of 95 percent (α = 0.05) to determine the influence of various drilling parameters such as rotational speed, feed rate, drill diameter and abrasive particle size on temperature rise. It was observed that the rotational speed was responsible for the maximum temperature rise (51.8%) followed by drill diameter (18.8%), and abrasive particle size (14.3%); whereas, the feed rate contributed minimal (4%) temperature rise. PURPOSE Standardization of magnetic resonance imaging protocols is important to achieve reproducible and effective outcomes across a large volume of patient examinations. It also ensures a consensus-driven approach to imaging, while reducing inefficient workflow practices. This article details our approach and experience with implementing systematic methods to address obstacles, and instituting a protocol strategy from development to installation to feedback. METHODS A collaborative planning and implementation strategy was derived to address and centralize protocol standardization for 25 MRI systems across 14 imaging centers. In addition to establishing radiologist-lead working groups to define clinical need for each division, we enlisted MR physicists to work with sites to outline system capability and recommend best practices for each protocol method. The strategy also involved protocol alternatives due to patient type, and steps to ensure image quality feedback mechanisms. RESULTS We found that a collaborative team of radiologists, physicists, and technologists is vital for creating structured and categorized protocols that balances clinical need and accepted standards, with system technical capability and exam time limitations.