https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html Background Epileptic encephalopathies (EEs) are a pediatric entity with highly phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Both single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/Indels and copy number variations (CNVs) could be the causes. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is widely applied to detect SNVs/Indels, but the bioinformatics approach for detecting CNVs is still limited and weak. In the current study, the possibility of profiling both disease-causing SNVs/Indels and CNVs in a single test based on WES in EEs was evaluated. Methods The infants diagnosed with EEs were enrolled from a single pediatric epilepsy center between January 2018 and February 2020. Demographic and clinical data were collected. In WES data, the pathogenic SNVs were identified through an in-house pipeline, and pathogenic CNVs were identified by CNVkit. The diagnostic rate was evaluated, and the molecular findings were characterized. Results A total of 73 infants were included; 36 (49.32%) of them were males. The median age was 7 months. Thirty-two (43.84%) h cost-effective benefit in EEs.Background Leukodystrophies (LDs) are inherited heterogeneous conditions that affect the central nervous system with or without peripheral nerve involvement. They are individually rare, but collectively, they are common. Thirty disorders were included by the Global Leukodystrophy Initiative Consortium (GLIA) as LDs. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with different types of LD from four large tertiary referral centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Only those 30 disorders defined by GLIA as LDs were included. Results In total, 83 children from 61 families were identified and recruited for this study. The male-to-female ratio was 1.51, and a consanguinity rate of 58.5% was observed. An estimated prevalence of 148,780 or 2.05/100,000 was observed based on the clinical cohort, whereas a minimum of 132,857 or 3.04/100,000 was o