Compared to control, T2DM patients had reduced GLS, increased E/e ̅ and impaired ascending aorta elasticity. Furthermore, LV function and ascending aorta elasticity were more severely damaged in uncontrolled T2DM group compared with controlled T2DM group. By Pearson correlation analysis, the level of HbA
  was independently associated with the parameters of the LV function and ascending aorta elasticity.
 
  T2DM can impair the LV myocardial function and ascending aorta elastic properties, which may be further impaired by poor blood glucose control.
 T2DM can impair the LV myocardial function and ascending aorta elastic properties, which may be further impaired by poor blood glucose control.Rabies is a vaccine preventable zoonotic disease with a significant mortality burden worldwide. Several years of vaccination campaigns in wildlife animals have now achieved the control of rabies in Western Europe through a vaccination belt in front of endemic Eastern European countries. Nevertheless, rabies could be imported both by travellers from areas without an active public control of the disease or by animals coming from areas where the virus circulates in wildlife fauna. The knowledge of the current world epidemiology combined with a high index of clinical suspicion are needed to reach a diagnosis of rabies, especially in case of atypical presentation or without a history of animal exposure. The pre-travel counselling to people visiting highly endemic areas is essential to give information on how to reduce exposure to potential sources of infection and to select those subjects who could benefit from pre-travel vaccination. Rabies is almost invariably fatal, but the prompt administration of a vaccine course combined with anti-rabies immunoglobulins significantly reduces the probability to develop life-threatening consequences. In this review, we give a brief epidemiological and clinical update about rabies in Europe.In this narrative review, key developments in epidemiologic and clinical outcomes-based research from eminent historical data sources over the past quarter century are summarized. We then describe the rise of secondary and administrative datasets (AD), summarizing the predominant types of available secondary datasets for contemporary research and describe the benefits and inherent limitations in working with secondary data. We review the methodological advances that permit researchers to capitalize on the full capability of secondary data while also addressing the limitations inherent in utilizing these data for the purposes of epidemiologic and outcomes research. Finally, we present candidate strategies to perpetuate this momentum towards optimizing the development of clinical research infrastructure that harnesses the full potential of the ADs to further clinical and epidemiological research, advancing data analysis, and address the many unanswered questions that remain.
  Multiparametric MRI has become a corner stone in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). DCE-MRI is used to quantify the influx of contrast media into tissues, which was shown to correlate with histopathology features. The present analysis sought to correlate DCE-MRI parameters with Gleason score (GS) based upon a large patient sample.
 
  MEDLINE library, Cochrane and SCOPUS databases were screened for the associations between DCE-MRI and GS in PC up to April 2020.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cladribine.html  The primary endpoint of the systematic review was the correlation between DCE-MRI parameters and GS and mean K
  and K
  and V
  values with standard deviation. In total, 13 studies with overall 894 patients were suitable for the analysis and included into the present study.
 
  The highest correlation was identified for K
  with a pooled correlation coefficient of r = 0.36 (95% CI 0.14-0.59). A large overlap was identified between clinical significant and non-significant PC for all DCE-parameters, for K
  the pooled mean value of clinically non-significant PC was 0.32 min
  [95% CI 0.13-0.51] and for clinically significant PC it was 0.45 min
  (95% CI 0.25-0.64).
 
  DCE-MRI cannot be used to predict GS in PC, and consequently cannot discriminate clinically significant from non-significant cancers.
 DCE-MRI cannot be used to predict GS in PC, and consequently cannot discriminate clinically significant from non-significant cancers.
  The comparative effectiveness of surgery and radiation therapy for high-grade, clinically localized prostate cancer remains a seminal, open question in urologic oncology, with no randomized controlled trials to inform management. We therefore emulated a hypothetical target clinical trial of radical prostatectomy (RP) versus external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for high-grade, clinically localized prostate cancer.
 
  We conducted observational analyses using the National Cancer Database from 2006-2015 to emulate a target clinical trial in men 55-69 years with cT1-3cN0cM0, PSA<20 ng/mL, Gleason 8 to 10 prostate adenocarcinoma treated with RP or 75 to 81 Gy EBRT with androgen deprivation therapy (EBRT+ADT). The associations of treatment type with overall survival (OS) were estimated using Cox regression with stabilized inverse probability weights (IPW).
 
  A total of 26,806 men formed the study cohort (RP 23,990; EBRT+ADT 2,816). Baseline characteristics were well-balanced after IPW-adjustment. Median follow-up was 48.4 (IQR 25.5-76.2) months. After IPW-reweighting, RP was associated with improved OS compared to EBRT+ADT (HR 0.54;95% CI 0.48-0.62; P<0.001), with 5- and 10-year OS of 93% vs 87%, and 76% vs 60%, respectively. RP was associated with improved OS across all categories of Gleason score, PSA, cT stage, age, and Charlson comorbidity index examined. In sensitivity analyses adjusting for biopsy tumor volume and a biopsy-specific Gleason score, RP remained associated with improved OS compared to EBRT+ADT (HR 0.62;95% CI 0.49-0.78; P<0.001).
 
  In observational analyses designed to emulate a target clinical trial of men with high-grade, clinically localized prostate cancer, RP was associated with improved OS compared with EBRT+ADT.
 In observational analyses designed to emulate a target clinical trial of men with high-grade, clinically localized prostate cancer, RP was associated with improved OS compared with EBRT+ADT.