Adenomyosis is a nonmalignant uterine disorder in which endometrial tissue exists within and grows into the myometrium. Animal models have generated limited insight into the still-unclear pathogenesis of adenomyosis, provided a platform for preclinical screening of many drugs and compounds with potential as therapeutics, and elucidated mechanisms underlying the pain and fertility issues that occur in many women with the disease. Spontaneous adenomyosis has been studied in nonhuman primates, primarily in the form of case reports. Adenomyosis is routinely experimentally induced in mice through methods such as neonatal tamoxifen exposure, pituitary engraftment, and human tissue xenotransplantation. Several studies have also reported hormonal or environmental toxicant exposures that give rise to murine adenomyosis, and genetically engineered models have been created that recapitulate the human-like condition, most notably involving alteration of β-catenin expression.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html  This review describes the animal models for adenomyosis and their contributions to our understanding of the factors underpinning the development of symptoms. Animal models represent a unique opportunity for understanding the molecular basis of adenomyosis and developing efficacious treatment options for affected women. Herein, we assess their different potentials and limitations with regard to identification of new therapeutic interventions and reflect on future directions for research and drug validation.1 ESGE/ESGAR recommend computed tomographic colonography (CTC) as the radiological examination of choice for the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.ESGE/ESGAR do not recommend barium enema in this setting.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. 2 ESGE/ESGAR recommend CTC, preferably the same or next day, if colonoscopy is incomplete. The timing depends on an interdisciplinary decision including endoscopic and radiological factors.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE/ESGAR suggests that, in centers with expertise in and availability of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE), CCE preferably the same or the next day may be considered if colonoscopy is incomplete.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 3 When colonoscopy is contraindicated or not possible, ESGE/ESGAR recommend CTC as an acceptable and equally sensitive alternative for patients with alarm symptoms.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.Because of lack of direct evidence, ESGE/ESGAR do nendation, low quality evidence. 9 ESGE/ESGAR recommend referral for endoscopic polypectomy in patients with at least one polyp ≥ 6 mm detected at CTC or CCE.Follow-up CTC may be clinically considered for 6 - 9-mm CTC-detected lesions if patients do not undergo polypectomy because of patient choice, comorbidity, and/or low risk profile for advanced neoplasia.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and obesity has steadily increased. Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been shown to be more effective and safer than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for long-term stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular AF. There are still limited data in the literature regarding performance of NOACs in obese patients with AF in the "real world." The aim of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of NOACs versus well-controlled VKA therapy in obese AF patients in a "real-world" setting. Here, we have considered patients with AF and obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) on NOAC or VKA therapy included in the multicenter Atrial Fibrillation Research Database (NCT03760874). The occurrence of major bleedings (MBs) and thromboembolic events (composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic embolism) was respectively considered primary safety and effectiveness outcomes. We identified 1,047 AF patients with obesity who  = 0.003) was an independent predictor of thromboembolic events. Our data support the hypothesis of safe and effective use of NOACs in patients with AF and obesity, justified by a statistically significant lower incidence of MB and a favorable NCB over VKAs.
  Tumor border configuration (TBC) is a prognostic factor in colorectal adenocarcinoma; however, the significance of TBC is not well-documented in colon adenocarcinoma alone.
 
  Our aim was to study the effect of TBC on overall and disease-free survival in stage II and III colon adenocarcinoma.
 
  We included patients with stage II and III colon adenocarcinoma who were surgically treated at a tertiary medical center between 2004 and 2015, to ensure long-term follow-up. Patients were stratified into four groups based on stage and TBC. A Cox regression was used to model the relationship of groups while accounting for relevant confounders.
 
  The cohort consisted of 700 patients (371 stage II and 329 stage III). Infiltrating TBC was statistically significantly associated with stage (p < 0.001) and extramural vascular invasion (p < 0.001), but not histologic grade (p = 0.7). Compared with pushing TBC, infiltrating TBC increased the hazard of death by a factor of 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-2.4; p < 0.001] and 1.7 (95% CI 1.3-2.2; p < 0.001). The hazard of death in patients with stage II disease (infiltrating TBC) or stage III disease (pushing TBC) was not significantly different (adjusted hazard ratio 1.1, 95% CI 0.7-1.7; p = 0.8).
 
  Infiltrating TBC is a high-risk feature in patients with stage II and III colon adenocarcinoma. Stage II disease patients with infiltrating TBC and who are node-negative should be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy.
 Infiltrating TBC is a high-risk feature in patients with stage II and III colon adenocarcinoma. Stage II disease patients with infiltrating TBC and who are node-negative should be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy.
  Total pelvic exenterations (TPEs) for malignancies are complex operations often performed by multidisciplinary teams. The differences among primary cancer for TPE and multicentered results are not well described. We aimed to describe TPE outcomes for different malignant origins in a national multicentered sample.
 
  Patients from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database who underwent TPE between 2005 and 2016 for all malignant indications (colorectal, gynecologic, urologic, or other) were included. Chi square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare patient characteristics by primary malignancy. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to determine factors associated with any 30-day Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher complication, length of hospital stay (LOS; days), 30-day wound infection, and 30-day mortality.
 
  Overall, 2305 patients underwent TPE. Indications for surgery included 33% (749) colorectal, 15% (335) gynecologic, 9% (196) other, and 45% (1025) urologic malignancies.