https://www.selleckchem.com/products/delamanid.html Genome-wide association studies have led to numerous genetic loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) now permit genome-wide analyses to identify rare variants contributing to AD risk. We performed single-variant and spatial clustering-based testing on rare variants (minor allele frequency ≤1%) in a family-based WGS-based association study of 2,247 subjects from 605 multiplex AD families, followed by replication in 1,669 unrelated individuals. We identified 13 new AD candidate loci that yielded consistent rare-variant signals in discovery and replication cohorts (4 from single-variant, 9 from spatial-clustering), implicating these genes FNBP1L, SEL1L, LINC00298, PRKCH, C15ORF41, C2CD3, KIF2A, APC, LHX9, NALCN, CTNNA2, SYTL3, CLSTN2. Downstream analyses of these novel loci highlight synaptic function, in contrast to common AD-associated variants, which implicate innate immunity. These loci have not been previously associated with AD, emphasizing the ability of WGS to identify AD-associated rare variants, particularly outside of coding regions. Downstream analyses of these novel loci highlight synaptic function, in contrast to common AD-associated variants, which implicate innate immunity. These loci have not been previously associated with AD, emphasizing the ability of WGS to identify AD-associated rare variants, particularly outside of coding regions.SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people globally. Virus infection requires the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Although studies have demonstrated anti-spike and - RBD antibodies to be protective in animal models and convalescent plasma as a promising therapeutic option, little is known about immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes capable of blocking infection. Here, we studied spike- and RBD-specific Ig isotypes in convalescent and acute plasma/sera. We also determined virus neutralization activities in plasma/sera, and