Membrane protein structures provide atomic level insight into essential biochemical processes and facilitate protein structure-based drug design. However, the inherent instability of these bio-macromolecules outside lipid bilayers hampers their structural and functional study. Detergent micelles can be used to solubilize and stabilize these membrane-inserted proteins in aqueous solution, thereby enabling their downstream characterizations. Membrane proteins encapsulated in detergent micelles tend to denature and aggregate over time, highlighting the need for development of new amphiphiles effective for protein solubility and stability. In this work, we present newly-designed maltoside detergents containing a pendant chain attached to a glycerol-decorated tris(hydroxymethyl)methane (THM) core, designated GTMs. One set of the GTMs has a hydrophobic pendant (ethyl chain; E-GTMs), and the other set has a hydrophilic pendant (methoxyethoxylmethyl chain; M-GTMs) placed in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Oridonin(Isodonol).html  Theing amphiphiles such as M-GTM-O11 and M-GTM-O12 that show remarkable efficacy for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization compared to a gold standard DDM, the hydrophobic counterparts (E-GTMs) and a significantly optimized detergent LMNG. In addition, detergent results obtained in the current study reveals the effect of detergent pendant polarity on protein solubility and stability. Thus, the current study represents both significant chemical and conceptual advance. The detergent tools and design principle introduced here advance protein science and facilitate structure-based drug design and development.
  Retropulsion is an impairment of body orientation against gravity in the sagittal plane. In a Delphi study, the Scale for Retropulsion (SRP) was developed with a high level of expert agreement.
 
  To assess the clinimetric properties of the German SRP in patients with neurological disorders.
 
  The SRP was applied to 70 hospitalized patients with neurological disorders (stroke, critical illness neuropathy and/or myopathy, Parkinson syndromes). Internal consistency was determined with the Cronbach ɑ. Test-retest and interrater reliabilities were evaluated with the weighted kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. The construct validity was evaluated with Spearman correlation.
 
  The median (interquartile range) SRP score was 5 (3-8) and ranged from 0 to 22 (total scale range 0 to 24). The SRP had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach ɑ = 0.875) and good to excellent test-retest reliability (weighted kappa = 0.957, ICC = 0.957) and interrater reliability (weighted kappa = 0.837, ICC = 0.837). Analysis of construct validity resulted in good correlations with other clinical balance scales (rSp > 0.80), and fair to moderate correlations with posturographic measures (rSp = 0.27-0.56) and the subjective postural vertical error in the sagittal plane (rSp = -0.325, p = 0.012) as well as the range in the frontal plane (rSp = 0.359, p=0.007). The SRP discriminated between patients classified with and without retropulsion by an independent clinical expert (p<0.001).
 
  The SRP provides a valid and reliable bedside test to quantify retropulsion in individuals with neurological disorders.
 The SRP provides a valid and reliable bedside test to quantify retropulsion in individuals with neurological disorders.
  A precise description of behavioral signs denoting transition from an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state (UWS/VS) to minimally conscious state (MCS) or emergence from MCS after severe brain injury is crucial for prognostic purposes. A few studies have attempted this goal but involved non-standardized instruments, limited temporal accuracy or samples or focused on patients with (sub)acute condition.
 
  We aimed to describe the behavioral signs that led to a change in diagnosis as well as the factors affecting this transition in a large sample of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness after severe brain injury.
 
  In this retrospective cohort study, patients in UWS/VS or MCS were assessed with the Coma Recovery Scale Revised (CRS-R) at 5 times within the 2 weeks after their admission to a neurorehabilitation center and then weekly until emergence from MCS, discharge or death.
 
  Of the 185 patients included, 33 in UWS/VS and 45 in MCS transitioned to another state. Transition to MCS wasetiology, time post-injury and age. Emergence from MCS was mostly signalled by one sign and could be predicted by time post-injury and number of behavioral signs at admission. Clinicians should pay particular attention to visual and motor subscales of the CRS-R to detect behavioral recovery after severe brain injury. Database registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04687397.
  Managing agitation is a significant challenge in the early stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and research investigating current practice during this period is lacking.
 
  This study examined how clinicians worldwide conceptualise, measure and manage agitation during early TBI recovery.
 
  A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was distributed via email, newsletters, conferences and social media to clinicians involved in early TBI care worldwide. Respondents were 331 clinicians (66% female) from 34 countries worldwide who worked in inpatient and outpatient settings in disciplines including medicine, nursing and allied health. Participants had an average of 13 years' clinical experience working specifically with an adult TBI population.
 
  Agitated behaviour was commonly defined as aggression and restlessness. Three quarters of clinicians reported that their services measure agitation, and clinicians in North America more frequently use standardised assessment tools. Common non-pharmacoloans reported dissatisfaction with current agitation management and insufficient training. This study supports the development of international guidelines and training to ensure consistent and effective agitation management in early TBI care.
  Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) often have cognitive and behavioral impairments that affect participation in everyday activities. Among them, executive function (EF) deficits are frequent. Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an individualized treatment that teaches cognitive strategies necessary to support successful performance. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of CO-OP in children with EF deficits after ABI.
 
  To assess whether the use of CO-OP could be of interest in children with EF deficits after ABI, to improve their occupational performance, their executive functioning in everyday life and their cognitive processes constituting EF.
 
  This was a single case experimental study with multiple baselines across individuals and behaviors. We included 2 children at least 6 months after severe ABI. The children received 14 individual sessions of the CO-OP intervention. Each child set 3 goals by using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; 2 goals were trained and the third was a control goal.