Objective The association between HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia has been investigated with conflicting conclusions. This study is to investigate the pathogenesis underlying these two diseases by analyzing placental transcriptome.Methods The gene expression profile downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database was analyzed by R language.Results A total of 573 differentially expressed genes in HELLP syndrome and 358 in preeclampsia were identified, among which 295 were unique to HELLP syndrome. Some metabolism-associated pathways were uniquely enriched in HELLP syndrome.Conclusions HELLP syndrome exhibits a greater extent of placental metabolic dysfunction than preeclampsia, although these two diseases might share partial pathogenesis.
  Atherosclerosis (AS) is a type of chronic vascular disease that is also a leading cause of numerous cardiovascular diseases in humans. The biomolecules responsible for the roles of microRNA (miR)-141-3p during AS development are less understood.
 
  The relation between Wnt5a and miR-141-3p was predicted using bioinformatics software TargetScan 7.1, and confirmed via dual luciferase reporter assay. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblotting were conducted for examining miR-141-3p and Wingless and Int-1 (Wnt)5a expression levels. Additionally, transwell migration and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays were conducted for analyzing cell migration and proliferation, respectively.
 
  miR-141-3p was decreased in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html  Pretreatment with miR-141-3p mimic inhibited cell migration and proliferation in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. Wnt5a was verified to act as the target of miR-141-3p in VSMCs. pcDNA3-Wnt5a partially reversed the effects of miR-141-3p mimic in ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs.
 
  miR-141-3p mimic decreased the damage in an AS model by targeting Wnt5a, thereby presenting a novel potential therapeutic target for treating AS.
 miR-141-3p mimic decreased the damage in an AS model by targeting Wnt5a, thereby presenting a novel potential therapeutic target for treating AS.
  Location of the gene encoding superoxide-dismutase on chromosome 21 suggests a possible impact on the maternal oxidative stress parameters. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible impact of the fetal trisomy 21 on the level of oxidative stress in mothers.
 
  The study involved two groups of pregnant women a study group (
   = 30) with fetal trisomy 21 and a control group (
   = 50) with physiological pregnancy and normal fetal karyotype. The following parameters were compared between two groups pro-oxidative (lipid peroxidation), anti-oxidative (SOD, glutathione peroxidase and uric acid), and biochemical markers of the aberrant karyotype (free beta-HCG and PAPP-A).
 
  Our data suggest that there may be a change in oxidative stress balance in the study group with trisomy 21 which may lead to the excessive hydrogen peroxide production, compared to the control group with normal pregnancy.
 Our data suggest that there may be a change in oxidative stress balance in the study group with trisomy 21 which may lead to the excessive hydrogen peroxide production, compared to the control group with normal pregnancy.The tenets underlying the use of mtDNA in phylogenetic and systematic analyses are strict maternal inheritance, clonality, homoplasmy, and difference due to mutation that is, there are species-specific mtDNA sequences and phylogenetic reconstruction is a matter of comparing these sequences and inferring closeness of relatedness from the degree of sequence similarity. Yet, how mtDNA behavior became so defined is mysterious. Even though early studies of fertilization demonstrated for most animals that not only the head, but the sperm's tail and mitochondria-bearing midpiece penetrate the egg, the opposite - only the head enters the egg - became fact, and mtDNA conceived as maternally transmitted. When midpiece/tail penetration was realized as true, the conceptions 'strict maternal inheritance', etc., and their application to evolutionary endeavors, did not change. Yet there is mounting evidence of paternal mtDNA transmission, paternal and maternal combination, intracellular recombination, and intra- and intercellular heteroplasmy. Clearly, these phenomena impact the systematic and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences.Intracellular pathogens reside in specialised compartments within the host cells restricting the access of antibiotics. Insufficient intracellular delivery of antibiotics along with several other resistance mechanisms weaken the efficacy of current therapies. An alternative to antibiotic therapy could be bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Although phage therapy has been in practice for a century against various bacterial infections, the efficacy of phages against intracellular bacteria is still being explored. In this review, we will discuss the advancement and challenges in phage therapy, particularly against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Finally, we will highlight the uptake mechanisms and approaches to overcome the challenges to phage therapy against intracellular bacteria.
  Recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for the safe prevention of primary cesarean deliveries propose that cesarean delivery for active phase arrest in the first stage of labor should be performed only if women fail to progress despite four hours of adequate uterine activity and no cervical change. This is a change in recommendation from a two-hour threshold.
 
  To determine the economic and clinical implications of waiting four hours compared to two hours for cervical progression before diagnosing active phase labor arrest.
 
  We designed a cost-effectiveness analysis using TreeAge Pro 2020 software with model inputs derived from the literature. We used a theoretical cohort of 1.4 million women, the approximate number of nulliparous U.S. women reaching four centimeters in spontaneous labor. We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes and costs associated with defining active phase arrest after four hours of no cervical progression versus two hours. As a baseline assumption, active labor was defined at four centimeters.