Traditional therapy for malignant neoplasms involving surgical procedures, radiotherapy and chemotherapy aims to kill neoplastic cells, but also affects normal cells. Therefore, exogenous proteases are the target of studies in cancer therapy, as they have been shown to be effective in suppressing tumors and reducing metastases. Pluronic F127 (F127) is a copolymer of amphiphilic blocks that has shown significant potential for drug administration, as it is capable of incorporating hydrophobic drugs and self-assembling in micrometers of nanometric size. This study investigated the effects of immobilization of the alkaline protease PR4A3 with pluronic F127 micelles on the enzyme-induced cytotoxicity. Protease immobilization was demonstrated through UV-visible and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, as the enzyme interacts with the polymeric micelle of Pluronic F127 without changing its secondary structure. In addition, the immobilized form of the enzyme showed greater bioavailability after passing through the simulated gastrointestinal transit. Cell viability was assessed using the tetrazoic methylthiazole (MTT) assay. The results open perspectives for new research and development for PR4A3 in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.Lignin valorisation into materials such as resins is essential to increase the value obtained from biomass.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ziftomenib.html  However, biomass recalcitrance limits the selective isolation of lignin for economic gains. This study developed a new process for fractionating alkaline treated mango seed husk into high purity lignin and cellulose-rich pulp, using high shear homogenization-organosolv (HSHO) process. The HSHO process conditions (ethanol concentration (50-70%), temperature (130-150 °C) and homogenizing time (10-20 min)) were optimized using response surface methodology to maximize the solubilised lignin with high purity while obtaining a fibrillated cellulose-rich pulp. Optimum process conditions of 60% ethanol, 148.41 °C, and 15 min homogenization, yielded 70.23% lignin of 96.18% purity, higher than those of the non-assisted process (68.58% and 94.74%, respectively). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed syringyl and guaiacyl lignin units with a molecular weight of 3247 g/mol and thermal degradation temperature of 298 °C. Sulphur and nitrogen contents in the resulting lignin were lower than 0.15%. Fibrillated cellulose pulp with diameters of 90% purity suitable for varied applications.Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides (FVP) can improve gut health through gut microbiota and metabolism regulation. In this study, the 28-days fed experiment was used to investigate gut microbime and metabolic profiling induced by FVP. After treatment, intestinal tissue section showed the higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) value in FVP-treated group. The 16 s rRNA gene sequencing revealed microbiota composition alteration caused by FVP, as the Firmicutes phylum increased while Bacteroidetes phylum slightly decreased. The metabolic profiling was detected by LC/MS and results showed 56 and 99 compounds were dramatically changed after FVP treatment in positive and negative ion mode, respectively. Annotation in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways displayed the adjustment of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and other related basic pathways after FVP treatment. Our study suggested that FVP can be developed as a dietary supplement for intestine health promotion.Thrombin is an important enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the blood clotting pathways. An imbalance in the activity of this enzyme is clinically known to be associated with various diseases, such as thrombosis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and haemophilia, suggesting the need to devise sensors for Thrombin detection. However, the majority of the fluorescence-based Thrombin assays rely on fluorescence labelling assays or Thrombin specific recognition biomolecules, such as, aptamers or antibody which requires sophisticated techniques and makes it very expensive. Herein, we report a simple, selective, sensitive and label-free fluorescence detection scheme for Thrombin which is based on the interaction between Thrombin and a fluorescent complex of Heparin with a molecular rotor dye, Thioflavin-T. The detection scheme exploits selective interaction between cationic Thrombin and anionic Heparin to modulate the monomer-aggregate equilibrium of the Thioflavin-T-Heparin system. Importantly, the present system offers a ratiometric response that has the ability for robust quantification of Thrombin concentration even in complex medium. The involvement of all commercially available components is a crucial advantage of this detection scheme. Further, the detection scheme also shows reasonable response in diluted serum matrix.Interest in insects as a source of valuable biologically active substances has significantly increased over the past few years. Insects serve as an alternative source of chitin, which forms up to 40% of their exoskeleton. Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, attracts the attention of scientists due to its unique properties (sorption, antimicrobial, film-forming, wound healing). Furthermore, some insect species are unique and can be used to obtain chitin- and chitosan-melanin complexes in the later stages of ontogenesis. Due to the synergistic effect, chitosan and melanin can enhance each other's biological activity, providing a wide range of potential applications.Bifidobacteria are one genus of low-abundance gut commensals that are often associated with host health-promoting effects. Bifidobacteria can degrade various dietary fibers (i.e., galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, inulin), and are reported as one of the few gut-dwelling microbes that can utilize host-derived carbohydrates (mucin and human milk oligosaccharides). Previous studies have noted that the superior carbohydrate-metabolizing abilities of bifidobacteria facilitate the intestinal colonization of this genus and also benefit other gut symbionts, in particular butyrate-producing bacteria, via cooperative metabolic interactions. Given that such cross-feeding activities of bifidobacteria on mucin and oligosaccharides have not been systematically summarized, here we review the carbohydrate-degrading capabilities of various bifidobacterial strains that were identified in vitro experiments, the core enzymes involved in the degradation mechanisms, and social behavior between bifidobacteria and other intestinal microbes, as well as among species-specific bifidobacterial strains.