Expectations of cannabis-induced relief did not increase frequency of use or problems.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/quinine-dihydrochloride.html  These data support the idea that further work is warranted, including placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials to rule out any placebo effects and identify potential adverse side effects from a cannabis treatment for vulvodynia.
  The prognosis of cancer of unknown primary is very poor. Such a prognosis can be improved by characterizing primary characteristics and developing tailored site-specific therapy, especially for androgen receptor-positive adenocarcinoma. However, in such cases without elevated prostate-specific antigen, the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy is unclear.
 
  Herein, we report a case that presented with a retroperitoneal cancer of unknown primary that was confirmed as an androgen receptor-positive adenocarcinoma without prostate-specific antigen elevation. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any suspicious cancer lesions in the prostate. Furthermore, malignant cells were not present in a prostate biopsy specimen. In spite of the prostate-specific antigen level, on the basis of immunohistochemical analyses, including NKX3.1, the patient was first treated with androgen deprivation therapy, leading to long-term progression-free survival.
 
  Early androgen deprivation therapy based on immunohistochemical analyses might lead to a good outcome in androgen receptor-positive adenocarcinoma cancer of unknown primary patients regardless of prostate-specific antigen level.
 Early androgen deprivation therapy based on immunohistochemical analyses might lead to a good outcome in androgen receptor-positive adenocarcinoma cancer of unknown primary patients regardless of prostate-specific antigen level.
  The development of adrenocortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma within the same adrenal gland is very rare. Furthermore, no reports have described coincident black adrenal adenoma and pheochromocytoma. We herein report a rare case of coincident black adrenal adenoma and pheochromocytoma in the same adrenal gland.
 
  A 71-year-old Japanese woman was hospitalized because a right adrenal tumor had been incidentally found by computed tomography. She was diagnosed with subclinical Cushing's syndrome and underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. The tumor contained two adrenal nodules. The cut surface of the larger nodule was brownish-black on macroscopic examination. Pathological studies revealed coincident black adrenal adenoma and pheochromocytoma.
 
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coincident black adrenal adenoma causing subclinical Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma in the same adrenal gland. The mechanism of this rare scenario is unclear, and further study is necessary.
 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coincident black adrenal adenoma causing subclinical Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma in the same adrenal gland. The mechanism of this rare scenario is unclear, and further study is necessary.
  There have been some reports describing metastasis to the stomach from renal cell carcinomas. However, there are few reports describing solitary synchronous gastric metastasis of renal cell carcinomas.
 
  The patient was a 70-year-old woman who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to examine her progressive weight loss. There was a submucosal tumor in the stomach, which was biopsied. The gastric tumor was pathologically proven to be a metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed right renal cell carcinoma invading the renal vein (cT3aN0M0). The patient underwent right radical nephrectomy and endoscopic resection for the treatment of the primary renal cancer and the gastric metastatic lesion, respectively. The resected specimen of the stomach had a clear resection margin.
 
  Endoscopic resection for early stage gastric metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinomas is a reasonable approach because it is a minimally invasive surgical technique.
 Endoscopic resection for early stage gastric metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinomas is a reasonable approach because it is a minimally invasive surgical technique.
  Renal cell carcinoma is often discovered at an early stage due to the increased use of imaging studies in the current era; therefore, its presentation as a gigantic renal cell carcinoma is rarely encountered.
 
  A 59-year-old male presented to our hospital due to dizziness, fatigue, and increasing abdominal distension. A computed tomography scan showed an extremely large mass occupying most of the abdomen and pelvis. Surgical resection of the mass was performed. The largely cavitary mass with fibrous capsule was 43cm and 13.0kg, and contained a large amount of necrotic tissue. A portion of the left kidney was identified at the periphery of the mass, indicating that the tumor was arising from the left kidney. The final pathologic diagnosis was type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma.
 
  To the best of our knowledge, this tumor is the world's largest malignant renal tumor.
 To the best of our knowledge, this tumor is the world's largest malignant renal tumor.
  Central nervous system demyelination caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors is a very rare condition.
 
  A 65-year-old man who received nivolumab for renal cell carcinoma developed abnormal behavior, such as disagreeable speech and sudden anger. Brain-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple lesions with partial contrast effects in the cerebral white matter. We tentatively diagnosed demyelination caused by nivolumab, and performed steroid pulse therapy twice. After that, his symptoms improved. For the next 2years, his symptoms did not recur, nor did his cancer progress.
 
  Demyelination caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors can be fatal and requires early diagnosis and treatment.
 Demyelination caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors can be fatal and requires early diagnosis and treatment.
  I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scanning has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of tumors derived from sympathetic nerves or the adrenal medulla. We report the rare case of a 
  I-metaiodobenzylguanidine false-positive renal cell carcinoma.
 
  The patient was referred to our hospital with an incidental left renal mass during evaluation for hypertension. An ovarian tumor and prominent ascites were also observed. Serum and urine catecholamine levels were high to suspect a catecholamine-producing tumor of the kidney. 
  I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy showed increased 
  I-metaiodobenzylguanidine intake in the tumor. Laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was an oncocytic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. No pheochromocytoma features were found.
 
  We report the first case of a 
  I-metaiodobenzylguanidine false-positive renal cell carcinoma. This case was diagnosed with primary aldosteronism and Meigs' syndrome, which made the clinical course more complicated.