5±5.8, for the male participants is 48.6±11.4years respectively.
 
  The most frequent type of AL of mental nerve noticed on the right side was of type I (59.1%), followed by type II (27.5%) and type III (13.4%). The most frequent type of AL of mental nerve noticed on the left side was type I (61.7%), followed by type II (26.8%) and type III (11.4%).
 
  The results of the study encourage the usage of CBCT for planning implant treatment. We also suggest that it is obligatory for professionals to categorise the presence of AL and to measure them appropriately when planning for the procedures in the interforaminal region.
 The results of the study encourage the usage of CBCT for planning implant treatment. We also suggest that it is obligatory for professionals to categorise the presence of AL and to measure them appropriately when planning for the procedures in the interforaminal region.The LuxS quorum sensing system is considered as the main system that most of the oral bacteria use to communicate in order to create biofilms. Here we identified 11 of the most important biofilm formers that utilize the LuxS system and presented current and recent information regarding this system. Though different bacterial species are able to communicate thorough the LuxS system, it was also found that cross kingdom communication can occur between bacteria and fungi and bacteria and epithelial cells. Immune response also plays and important role in mitigating the effects of biofilms. Here we identified 6 of the most important molecules that are involved in the immune response to biofilms. These immune molecules maintain the stability in the oral cavity by preventing bacteria from overwhelming the space and simultaneously minimizing the immune response in order not to cause tissue damage. Here we also discuss current research being done in order to maintain the balance in the oral cavity via inhibiting biofilm formation without eradicating oral bacteria in order to prevent the overgrowth of other organisms such as Candida albicans. One approach being used is inhibiting AI-2 intermediates which leads to lack of quorum sensing communication between bacteria through the use of intermediate analogues. Another approach that found success is the utilization of D forms of sugars where D-ribose and D-galactose have been proven to inhibit the LuxS system and subsequently preventing the process of quorum sensing leading to the reduction in biofilm formation.The Arab World consists of 22 countries with more than half located in the Arab Middle East. Whereas the current state of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology in the Western World is well known, available information on the current state of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology across the Arab Middle East is lacking. This concise communication sheds light on the current state of these two specialties with specific reference to specialty training programs, board certification, and future directions. This piece provides valuable information to the general public and other disciplines to raise awareness and guide clinicians in making appropriate referrals. Additionally, it is of importance to newly graduated dentists interested in pursuing a career in either of these two disciplines.Envisioning democratic and internationalist ways of exercising peoples' sovereignty beyond local and national borders requires the enrichment of human rights thinking with non-European cosmovisions, normative and legal thinking. Integrating human rights, environmental and climate law and the rights of nature plays a key role in building institutions and policies that can genuinely address the root causes of ecological destruction. Likewise, human rights should be at the forefront of the struggle to re-shape financial capitalism and its destructive economic model. They can guide transition processes towards more sustainable ways of production, distribution and consumption, but also towards the necessary protection of and support for care work. Finally, there is an urgent need for innovation in human rights institutions and practices. This goes from securing funding for independent work and combating corporate capture, addressing the colonial legacy still present in international law and human rights architecture, rebalancing the local, national, sub-regional, regional and international dimensions of human rights work, and finding ways to address the dilemmas of a state-centric human rights accountability and governance which do not fall into the traps of multi-stakeholderism.Owing to their high performance and earth abundance, copper sulfides (Cu2-x S) have attracted wide attention as a promising medium-temperature thermoelectric material. Nanostructure and grain-boundary engineering are explored to tune the electrical transport and phonon scattering of Cu2-x S based on the liquid-like copper ion. Here multiscale architecture-engineered Cu2-x S are fabricated by a room-temperature wet chemical synthesis combining mechanical mixing and spark plasma sintering. The observed electrical conductivity in the multiscale architecture-engineered Cu2-x S is four times as much as that of the Cu2-x S sample at 800 K, which is attributed to the potential energy filtering effect at the new grain boundaries. Moreover, the multiscale architecture in the sintered Cu2-x S increases phonon scattering and results in a reduced lattice thermal conductivity of 0.2 W·m-1·K-1 and figure of merit (zT) of 1.0 at 800 K. Such a zT value is one of the record values in copper sulfide produced by chemical synthesis. These results suggest that the introduction of nanostructure and formation of new interface are effective strategies for the enhancement of thermoelectric material properties.
  The online version of this article (10.1007/s12598-020-01698-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
 The online version of this article (10.1007/s12598-020-01698-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
  Adherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is an integral component of epilepsy management. There are no previous data in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
 
  The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of AED adherence among patients attending the Neuro Spinal Hospital in UAE and to identify the predictors of nonadherence.
 
  A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2018 and May 2019, and included consecutive patients with epileptic who were receiving AEDs for at least 6 months. A validated interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Adherence was assessed by four-item Morisky's Medication Adherence Scale with a score between 0 and 4. Patients were considered adherent or nonadherent for a score of zero, or 1 and more, respectively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html  Chi-square test, binary, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used.
 
  The study included 315 respondents, 70.8% (
  = 223) were adherent, the rest were nonadherent. The most common factor affecting adherence was forgetfulness. Lower education level and having a seizure within the last 6 months were significant risk of nonadherence (odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.