It is well known that sediment internal loading can worsen lake water quality for many years even if effective measures have been taken to control external loading. In this study, a 12-month field study was carried out to reveal the relationship between sediment phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) forms as well as their fluxes across sediment-water interface from the most polluted area of Lake Chaohu, a large shallow eutrophication lake in China. The possible contribution of mobile fraction of P and N to lake eutrophication is also analyzed. The results indicate that the content of total P and N and their forms in water and sediment were rather dynamic during the year-long field investigation. Low concentrations of P and N from sediment and overlying water were observed in the winter but increased sharply in summer. The phosphate and ammonium fluxes showed evident seasonal variation, and higher fluxes can be observed in warmer seasons especially during the period of algal bloom with high sedimentation. The reduction of ferric iron and degradation of organic matter could be responsible for the increased P flux from sediment in algal bloom seasons, which is consistent with the seasonal variation of P forms in sediment. A comparison of the mole ratio of P fluxN flux to both the PN mole ratio in sediments and the Redfield ratio was used to further distinguish the dominant sediment P forms' release during seasonal variation. Moreover, the anoxic condition and enhanced microbial activity in warmer seasons contribute a lot to the ammonium release from sediment. Consequently, the nutrient fluxes seasonally influence their corresponding nutrient concentrations in the overlying water. The results of this study indicate that sediment internal loading plays an important role in the eutrophication of Lake Chaohu. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely spreading environmental endocrine disruptor, has been confirmed to adversely affect the development of animals and humans. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) termed NETosis, is a recently identified antimicrobial mechanism for neutrophils.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pqr309-bimiralisib.html  Though previous researches have investigated inescapable role of the immunotoxicity in DEHP-exposed model, relatively little is known about the effect of DEHP on NETs. In this study, carp peripheral blood neutrophils were treated with 40 and 200 μmol/L DEHP to investigate the underlying mechanisms of DEHP-induced NETs formation. Through the morphological observation of NETs and quantitative analysis of extracellular DNA, we found that DEHP exposure induced NETs formation. Moreover, our results proved that DEHP could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decrease the expression of the anti-autophagy factor (mTOR) and the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2, and increase the expression of pro-autophagy genes (Dynein, Beclin-1 and LC3B) and the pro-apoptosis factors (BAX, Fas, FasL, Caspase3, Caspase8, and Caspase9), thus promoting autophagy and apoptosis. These results indicate that DEHP-induced ROS burst stimulates NETs formation mediated by autophagy and increases apoptosis in carp neutrophils. Toxic metals have been widely reported in avian tissues due to their well-known accumulation capacity and adverse effects. However, rare earth elements (REE) and other minor elements (ME) are becoming a new threat due to their use in modern technology. Presently, exposure data are limited and no studies have been reported in wildlife. The order Caprimulgiformes is among the most understudied groups of birds lacking blood ecotoxicological data. One major constraint is the small blood sample volume that can be collected to ensure animal welfare, which limits analyses. In order to shed light on these collective issues, we sampled 48 red-necked nightjars (Caprimulgus ruficollis) inhabiting three different scenarios of contaminant exposure (agricultural-urban area, n = 15; mining area, n = 17; and control area, n = 16) in southeastern Spain, and report for the first time concentrations of 50 elements (i.e. trace elements, ATSDR's list toxic elements, REE and ME) using a recently developed technique able to analyze them by ICP-MS in very small volumes of blood (130 μL). Concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Mn were significantly higher in individuals captured at the mining area compared to the other sites. Lead levels in the mine site were of particular concern since it was in the range of blood concentrations related to subclinical/clinical effects in other species, and in our study were associated with decreased hematocrit values (up to 44% hematocrit depression at blood concentrations >1000 ng/ml w.w.). Moreover, additive effects related to metal cocktail exposure in the mining area could be expected. Age and gender-related differences in blood concentrations were found for some elements. Even though most REE and ME concentrations were close to the LOQ, some of these emerging contaminants may trigger sublethal effects that, together with the ATSDR's list toxic elements, need to be carefully evaluated in a future study. In this study, total concentration and inhalation bioaccessibility (dissolution in simulated biological solution) of trace elements (TE) and rare earth elements (REE) were assessed in PM10 from Canadian house dust samples with smoking (n = 25) and non-smoking (n = 25) status. Compared to the natural background concentrations in Canadian soils, median Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in PM10 were 10-23 fold higher, while median La, Ce and Pr concentrations were 1.6-2.4 fold higher. Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05) indicated no difference between the median TE concentrations based on the smoking status of the household; however, median REE concentrations were significantly higher in the PM10 of smoking households. Additionally, Cd and Ni were positively correlated (Spearman r, p  less then  0.05) to La, Ce and Nd in smoking households, suggesting that tobacco combustion may have contributed REE in the PM10 of these households. Median inhalation-ingestion bioaccessibility assay outcomes of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) was higher in the non-smoking households when compared to smoking households (Mann Whitney test, α = 0.05), suggesting that tobacco combustion products may be associated with less soluble species of As and Pb. Although REE bioaccessibility was negligible in simulated lung epithelial fluid regardless of the smoking status of the household, bioaccessibility in the lung-gastric phase was 23.6-27.6% in the smoking household and 34.7-36.7% in the non-smoking households, indicating a significantly lower REE dissolution in PM10 of smoking households. In contrast, between 17 and 21.9% bioaccessibility of REE was observed when artificial lysosomal fluid was used, where the outcome was not significantly affected by the smoking status. This study indicates that despite a higher median REE concentration in the PM10 of smoking households, inhalation bioaccessibility may be significantly influenced by the mineralogy.