Sodium sulfate stress is known to improve cadmium (Cd) mobilization in soil and microbial sulfur oxidation, Cd resistance, and the accumulation of stress tolerance-associated metabolites has been correlated with increased soil Cd availability and toxicity.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alkbh5-inhibitor-2.html  In this study, aerobic soil microcosms with Cd-contamination were stimulated with sodium sulfate to investigate its effects on soil microbial community structure, functional genes, and associated metabolite profiles. Metagenomic analysis revealed that sulfur oxidizing and Cd-resistant bacteria carried gene clusters encoding sox, dsr, and sqr genes, and znt, czc, and cad genes, respectively. Exposure to sodium sulfate resulted in the reprogram of soil metabolites. In particular, intensification of sulfur metabolism triggered an up-regulation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which promoted the secretion of carboxylic acids and their precursors by soil bacteria. The accumulation of organic acids induced in response to high sodium sulfate dosages potentially drove an observed increase in Cd mobility. Pseudomonas and Erythrobacter spp. exhibited a high capacity for adaptation to heavy metal- or sulfur-induced stress, evident by an increased abundance of genes and metabolites for sulfur cycling and Cd resistance. These results provide valuable insights towards understanding the microbial mechanisms of sulfur transformation and Cd dissolution under saline stress.The mycofabricated metal nanoparticles (NPs) plays a significant role in cancer therapeutics and imparts a strategy in medicine. The current investigation focused to synthesize the Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) using an endophytic fungus isolated from Aegle marmelosa medicinal tree located in Western Ghats, India. The endophytic fungus FCBY1 explored the highest antagonistic and antioxidant activities among the 16 pigmented endophytic fungal strains which were isolated from the collected samples. The fungus FCBY1 was identified for its morphological and molecular characteristics where the (Internal Transcribed Spacer) ITS 1, 5.8 ribosomal gene and ITS 2 were sequenced; and the organism FCBY1 is Aspergillus terreus. The endophyte was put through for the synthesis of CuONPs and the size and structure of the synthesized particles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The confirmation of the CuONPs was characterized by FT-IR, EDAX and XRD analyses. The CuONPs exhibited the maximized antibacterial and antifungal activities against the human clinical pathogens; moreover the particles also explicated the free radicals/ROS scavenging at minimum concentration, which was assessed through DPPH, nitric oxide radical scavenging assays, and reductive power ability. The anti-cancer activity of CuONPs on colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) was evaluated by MTT (IC50 22 μg/mL) and FACS analyses (32.11% cells gated in S phase of cell cycle). Angiogenesis inhibition in tumor cells was estimated through in vivo HET- CAM assessment and the highest concentration 60 μL tested inhibited the blood vessels at the percentage of 31.36% and 81.81%. The CuONPs explicated the anti-cancer activities in a concentration - dependent manner and the results of this investigation manifest the significant role of the CuONPs in cancer therapeutics.Heterostructured transition metal oxide hybrid have more attention in energy saving and environmental related field due to their higher electro-catalytic activity. In this work, we demonstrated SnO decorated with NiO nanocrystal electrocatalyst is successfully synthesized through solvothermal method and well characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Physical characterizations confirm that spherical shape of SnO nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed on the surface of NiO. The kinetic study of catalytic performance towards urea oxidation reaction were measured by liner sweep voltammetry and chronoamprometry. As proposed catalyst to facilitate the rate of urea oxidation reaction can increase by SnO doped NiO catalyst. The urea oxidation on SnO-NiO nanostructured modified electrode exhibits lower onset potential of 1.12 V and enhancement of current with tafel slope of 150 mV dec-1. The obtained results demonstrated the synthesized SnO-NiO anode material could be promising electrode for urea-rich containing wastewater remediation and hydrogen production from wastewater.Freshwater ecosystems have been threatened by complicated disturbances from both natural and anthropogenic variables, especially in dynamic and complex river basins. The environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach provides a broader spectrum and higher throughput way of biomonitoring for biodiversity assessment compared with traditional morphological survey. Most eDNA metabarcoding studies have been limited to a few specific taxa/groups and habitat scopes. Here we applied the eDNA metabarcoding to characterize the structures and spatial variations of zooplankton and fish communities among different habitat types in a highly dynamic and complex freshwater ecosystem of the Daqing River basin (DRB). The results showed that varied species spectra of zooplankton and fish communities were identified and unique dominant species occurred across habitats. Additionally, markedly spatial distributions of biotic community structures were observed in areas with different habitat characteristics. Natural variables, including geographic distances and gradient ratio, as well as anthropogenic factors of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic chemicals demonstrated significant effects but different outcomes on the structures of zooplankton and fish communities. Moreover, the relative abundances of specific aquatic taxa were associated with the gradient of particular environmental variables. This case study verified the distribution patterns and differentiation mechanisms of biotic communities under habitat heterogeneity could be captured by application of eDNA biomonitoring. And habitat-specific and even species-specific environmental stressors would be diagnosed for improving management of complex river basins.