https://www.selleckchem.com/products/inx-315.html Lithium carbonate (Li CO ) is widely used in the treatment of clinical-affective psychosis. Exposure to Li CO during pregnancy increases the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring, which are severe birth defects of the central nervous system. The mechanism of Li CO -induced NTDs remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice were injected with different doses of Li CO intraperitoneally on gestational day 7.5 (GD7.5), and embryos collected at GD11.5 and GD13.5. The mechanisms of Li CO exposure-induced NTDs were determined utilizing immunohistochemistry, western blotting, EdU imaging, enzymatic method, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ELISA and HE staining. The NTDs incidence was 33.7% following Li CO exposure. Neuroepithelial cell proliferation and phosphohistone H3 level were significantly increased in NTDs embryos, compared with control group (P < 0.01), while the expressing levels of p53 and caspase-3 were significantly decreased. IMPase and GSK-3β activity was inhibited in Li uced NTDs in mice model. Lithium-induced NTDs model on C57BL/6 mice was established. Based on this NTDs model, lithium-induced impairment of inositol biosynthesis resulted in the imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, which may contribute to lithium-induced NTDs. Providing evidence to further understand the molecular mechanisms of lithium-induced NTDs and enhancing its primary prevention.The relationship between oral health and atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unclear. Here we investigated the association between oral health status and AD using data from 634,299 subjects in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS). Participants with oral symptoms were defined as those with any of following sensitive teeth, toothache, bleeding gums or gum pain, and dry mouth. Current AD was determined by the question if participant had been diagnosed with AD from doctor within the past 12 months. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) for AD dia