https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD5438.html 84±28.34 vs. 86.05±32.1 minutes) was comparable. Mean postoperative pain score at 6 hours and 24 hours postoperative was significantly lower in balloon group as compared to without balloon group. Mean Hemoglobin drop was similar in both groups (p=0.60). Conclusion The use of nephrostomy tube with balloon after PCNL as this is associated with less pain and comparable hemoglobin drop as compare to nephrostomy tube without balloon. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of bronchial lavage under fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of severe pulmonary infection. Methods One hundred forty eight patients with severe pulmonary infection who were admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to December 2017 were included in this study. According to the random number table method, they were divided into a control group and an observation group with 79 patients each. The control group was given conventional treatment, while the observation group was given bronchoalveolar lavage with fiberoptic bronchoscopy on the basis of the treatment in the control group. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared, the duration of mechanical ventilation, antibiotic use and symptoms improvement of the two groups were recorded, and the respiratory mechanics parameters, serum procalcitonin (PCT) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) level were measured before and after treatment. Results The duration of mechanical ventilation, antibiotic patients in the treatment of severe pulmonary infection. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objectives Urinary tract infections are the second most common bacterial infections occurring at all ages and both sexes. The increasing rate of antibiotic resistance is a global concern. The use of routinely used antibiotics is resulting in treatment failure. The objective of this study was to diagnose the urinary tract infections by