https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wy-14643-pirinixic-acid.html Purpose. Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is a severe complication of malaria despite effective anti-malarial treatment. Currently, non-invasive imaging procedures such as chest X-rays are used to assess oedema in established MA-ARDS but earlier detection methods are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality. The early stages of MA-ARDS are characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes, in particular monocyte/macrophages, thus monitoring of immune infiltrates may provide a useful indicator of early pathology. Procedures. Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected C57BL/6 mice, a rodent malaria model of MA-ARDS, were longitudinally imaged using the TSPO imaging agent [18F]FEPPA as a marker of macrophage accumulation during the development of pathology and response to combined artesunate and chloroquine diphosphate therapy (ART+CQ). [18F]FEPPA uptake was compared to blood parasitemia levels and pulmonary immune cell infiltrates using flow cytometry. Results. Infected animals showed rapid increases lung retention of [18F]FEPPA, correlating well with increases in blood parasitemia and pulmonary accumulation of interstitial inflammatory macrophages and MHC II+ alveolar macrophages. Treatment with ART+CQ therapy abrogated this increase in parasitemia and significantly reduced both lung uptake of [18F]FEPPA and macrophage infiltrates. Conclusions. Retention of [18F]FEPPA in the lungs is well correlated with changes in blood parasitemia and lung associated macrophages during disease progression and in response to ART+CQ therapy. With further development TSPO biomarkers may have the potential to be able to accurately assess early onset of MA-ARDS.The cell walls and capsules of Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-type fungal pathogen, are rich in polysaccharides. Dectin-2 is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) that recognizes high-mannose polysaccharides. Previously, we demonstrated that Dectin-2