Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) can cure both children and adults with sickle cell disease. Outcomes have historically been poor for the vast majority of patients who lack a matched sibling donor. However, the development of haploidentical HCT (haplo-HCT) with high doses of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has allowed for curative long-term potential with favorable transplant-related outcomes, though this has not obviated the potential for graft rejection from human leukocyte antigen mismatch and repeated red blood cell transfusions. Accordingly, multiple strategies have been developed to improve outcomes, the majority of which are based on the Johns Hopkins platform from 2012. Presently, we aim to discuss results from pertinent studies and compare outcomes with the two most recent approaches involving either thiotepa plus 200-cGy total body irradiation or 400-cGy total body irradiation. Direct comparisons are required to determine the optimized curative potential. Transplant-eligible patients must be referred to tertiary medical centers for consideration of haplo-HCT. Del(16q) is an uncommon cytogenetic abnormality that can occur in different types of myeloid neoplasms. A small number of cases with del(16q) have been reported. Here, we report del(16q) in an adult patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML). Examination of bone marrow aspirate smears and cytochemical stains, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping diagnosed the case as AMML. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for inv(16) was performed using the CBFB-MYH11 translocation dual fusion probe. Accidently, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed a loss of 16q22 in most of the examined interphase cells, indicating the presence of del(16q). The CBFB-MYH11 translocation dual fusion probe can be very helpful in detecting del(16q). The aim of the present article is to review the role of endothelial damage and dysfunction in the vaso-occlusive episodes associated with sickle cell disease (SCD). This inherited hematological disorder leads to irreversible damage of multiple organs through a wide variety of mechanisms, such as sickling of red cells, oxidative state due to ischemic-reperfusion episodes, inflammation, hypercoagulation state, and platelet activation, among others. In SCD, the endothelium arises as the key entity where most of these processes, which eventually lead to increased morbidly and mortality, interact. This review begins with the already accepted idea that organ-specific vasculopathy precedes clinical manifestation, and briefly explains one of the main triggers of vaso-occlusive episodes, the complex interplay between blood cells and the dysfunctional endothelium. Endothelial protective strategies emerge as a potential tool for the prevention of organ-specific disease in SCD. Actually, this knowledge is currently used for the development of potential pharmacologic interventions to improve the lives of SCD patients. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder; despite significant improvements in supportive care, SCD continues to cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and reduced life expectancy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only widely available curative therapy for SCD, which is offered as a standard of care for patients with a matched sibling donor (MSD). Donor availability is limited to a minority of patients. Thus, αβ/CD3-depleted haploidentical HSCT, as an efficient means for depletion of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)-mediating T cells, can be offered as an alternative curative therapy, particularly for nonmalignant diseases such as SCD. Out of 38 patients with advanced stage SCD, 25 were transplanted with CD3/CD19- or T-cell receptor αβ/CD19 T-cell-depleted peripheral stem cell grafts (T-haplo-HSCT group), whereas 13 transplanted from MSD (MSD group); both groups received an almost identical conditioning regimen. Engraftment was achieved in all. However, in the T-haplo-HSCT group, three patients succumbed to an uncontrolled cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, a macrophage activation syndrome, and a major blood group incompatibility with a late graft failure and multiorgan failure. The overall survival was 88% and 100% in T-haplo-HSCT and MSD groups, respectively. None of our patients developed a Glucksberg Grade III-IV acute GvHD. Four patients (16%) in the T-haplo-HSCT group and two patients (15%) in the MSD group developed a steroid-sensitive, mild-to-moderate chronic GvHD that resolved within 18 months posttransplant. These results are encouraging and demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of T-haplo-HSCT in advanced stage SCD in children and adults, thus offering a curative alternative to majority of patients. Availability of an HLA-identical sibling donor raises the question "should young children with an HLA identical sibling donor be considered for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) even before they manifest severe clinical presentations of sickle cell disease (SCD)?" The overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) following HCT from an HLA identical sibling is excellent in young children and become worse with increasing age. SCD related complications, organ dysfunction, quality of life, and risk for premature mortality all worsen with age. The ethical principles of non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy and justice all support the consideration of this life, quality of life and organ saving therapy at a young age. Sickle cell disease remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and the United States. The survival rate of children and adolescents has increased immensely in developed countries, whereas the survival rate for adults lagged behind. The increase in the pediatric survival rate is attributable to the institution of hydroxyurea treatment as well as stroke prevention strategies. In this review, we discuss the management of the sickle disease major complications such as pain, stroke, and acute chest syndrome with the most current hydroxyurea use and transfusion therapy. This mini review is based on an oral presentation reflecting the current status quo of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) using matched unrelated donors (MUDs) presented at the EBMT Sickle Disease Meeting held in Regensburg, Germany, in May 2019. Although the clinical trial landscape for MUD HSCT in patients with SCD is limited to date, some attempts to improve patient outcome in terms of overall survival and event-free survival have been made recently, including optimization of conditioning regimens and prevention of engraftment failure as well as graft-versus-host disease. The results achieved by these approaches are summarized in this review and are still unsatisfactory. Whether new haploidentical transplantation protocols will achieve superior results and are able to replace MUD HSCT for patients with SCD remains to be elucidated.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-3.html