tion between global mental status and education on different cognitive domains and have strong clinical implications. Diagnostic judgments should be based on the knowledge of such interaction. This study highlights the beneficial but selective effects of high education.
  Handgrip strength (HGS) and serum folate and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were associated with cognitive function. However, little was known whether there were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function.
 
  To examine the interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function.
 
  This study analyzed the baseline data of the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition Cohort study. All participants aged ≥60 years were potential eligible. HGS was measured using a grip strength dynamometer. Serum folate and Hcy levels were assayed using standard laboratory protocol. A Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function. Linear regressions were employed to examine the interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function.
 
  4,484 participants were included in this study. There were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. Furthermore, subjects with strong HGS and sufficient folate level had the best cognitive function (β= 2.018), sequentially followed by those with strong HGS and insufficient folate level (β= 1.698) and with poor HGS and sufficient folate level (β= 0.873). Similarly, cognitive function was ranked in the descending order of subjects with strong HGS and normal Hcy level (β= 1.971), strong HGS and high Hcy level (β= 1.467), and poor HGS and normal Hcy level (β= 0.657).
 
  There were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. However, the temporal associations cannot be examined in a cross-sectional study. Further cohort study should be conducted to confirm these associations in the future.
 There were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. However, the temporal associations cannot be examined in a cross-sectional study. Further cohort study should be conducted to confirm these associations in the future.
  The relationship between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on hemosiderin-sensitive MRI sequences and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) remains unclear in population-based participants or in individuals with dementia.
 
  To determine whether CMBs on antemortem MRI correlate with CAA.
 
  We reviewed 54 consecutive participants with antemortem T2*GRE-MRI sequences and subsequent autopsy. CMBs were quantified on MRIs closest to death. Autopsy CAA burden was quantified in each region including leptomeningeal/cortical and capillary CAA. By a clustering approach, we examined the relationship among CAA variables and performed principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction to produce two scores from these 15 interrelated predictors. Hurdle models assessed relationships between principal components and lobar CMBs.
 
  MRI-based CMBs appeared in 20/54 (37%). 10 participants had ≥2 lobar-only CMBs.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jw74.html  The first two components of the PCA analysis of the CAA variables explained 74% variability. The first rotated componen. More CMBs also increase the probability of underlying CAA.Weight loss, a hallmark feature of dementia, is associated with higher mortality in older people. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature as to whether the weight loss commonly observed in older people with dementia results from reduced energy intake and/or increased energy expenditure. Understanding the cause of energy imbalance in older people with dementia would allow more targeted interventions to avoid detrimental health effects in this vulnerable group. In this paper, we review studies that have considered weight change, energy intake, and energy expenditure in older people with and without dementia. We critically assess the studies' methodology and outline the various factors which may decrease and increase energy intake and expenditure respectively in older people with and without dementia. Current available literature does not support the view that there is a lower energy intake and/or a higher energy expenditure in older people with dementia when compared to those without dementia. The need for more high-quality studies is also highlighted in order to shed more light towards this issue which continues to elude researchers and clinicians alike.
  Cognitive training (CT) has demonstrated benefits for healthy older adults (HG) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the effects on vascular function are unknown.
 
  This is a feasibility trial investigating the effects of CT on cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv).
 
  Twenty HG, 24 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 12 with MCI were randomized to 12 weeks of multi-domain CT or control. Outcomes included cognition (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III), mood, quality of life (QoL), physical, and neurovascular function (transcranial Doppler ultrasonography measured task activation of CBFv responses). Data are presented as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
 
  47 participants completed the trial. There were three dropouts from the training arm in the AD group, and one in the HG group. The intervention was acceptable and feasible to the majority of participants with a high completion rate (89%). The dropout rate was higher among participants with dementia. Few changes were identified on secondary analyses, but QoL was significantly improved in HG post-training (MD 4.83 [95% CI 1.13, 8.54]). CBFv response rate was not significantly different in HG (MD 1.84 [95% CI -4.81, 1.12]), but a significant increase was seen in the patient group (MD 1.79 [95% CI 0.005, 3.58]), requiring sample sizes of 56 and 84 participants respectively for a fully-powered trial.
 
  A 12-week CT program was acceptable and feasible in HG, AD, and MCI. CT may be associated with alterations in vascular physiology which require further investigation in an appropriately powered randomized controlled trial.
 A 12-week CT program was acceptable and feasible in HG, AD, and MCI. CT may be associated with alterations in vascular physiology which require further investigation in an appropriately powered randomized controlled trial.