Seven undescribed terpenoids, including three pairs of enantiomers, named (±)-rugulolides A-C, and one cyclopentenone derivative, named rugulolide D, together with twenty-six known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Elsholtzia rugulosa. The chiral separation of rugulolides A-C was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography using the chiral column. Their structures were elucidated unambiguously based on comprehensive spectroscopic analysis in conjunction with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Rugulolides A-D are rare naturally occurring terpenoid derivatives featuring a methylated α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone or a cyclopent-2-en-1-one nucleus. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cell, among them, four compounds showed moderate inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 12.46 to 23.10 μM.
  The aim of this paper was to undertake a systematic review of the research utilizing the Common Sense Model (CSM) involving IBD cohorts to explain the psychosocial processes, including illness perceptions and coping styles, that underpin patient reported outcomes (PROs) - psychological distress (PD) and quality of life (QoL).
 
  Adult studies were identified through systematic searches of 8 bibliographic databases run in August 2020 including Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO. No language or year limits were applied.
 
  Of 848 records identified, 516 were selected with seven studies evaluating the CSM mediating pathways for final review (n=918 adult participants). Consistent with the CSM, illness perceptions were associated with PD and QoL in six and five studies respectively. Illness perceptions acted as mediators, at least partially, on the relationship between IBD disease activity and PD and/or QoL in all seven studies. Coping styles, predominantly maladaptive-based coping styles, were found to act as mediators between illness perceptions and PD and/or QoL in five studies. Perceived stress was identified in one study as an additional psychosocial process that partially explained the positive influence of illness perceptions on PD, and a negative impact on QoL. Five studies were classified as high quality and two as moderate.
 
  The CSM can be utilised in IBD cohorts to evaluate key psychosocial processes that influence PROs. Future research should explore additional psychosocial processes within the CSM and evaluate the efficacy of targeting CSM processes to promote psychological well-being and QoL in IBD cohorts.
 The CSM can be utilised in IBD cohorts to evaluate key psychosocial processes that influence PROs. Future research should explore additional psychosocial processes within the CSM and evaluate the efficacy of targeting CSM processes to promote psychological well-being and QoL in IBD cohorts.
  To identify factors influencing the OB triage implementation in Iran DESIGN Qualitative study of conventional content analysis SETTING A teaching tertiary referral hospital in Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran PARTICIPANTS 37 professional midwives, nurses, gynecologists, and specialists of emergency medicine, and 6 patients MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually and face-to-face. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Four overarching categories and nine themes emerged from the content analysis of the interviews and observations. Overarching categories were the guideline, individual, cultural and social context, and organization. The development and structure were themes of the guideline. Knowledge,attitudes, and behaviors were related to the category of individuals. The cultural and social context included cultural and social changes. Implementation and monitoring strategies and executive infrastructure were organizational themes. Participants had differences and similarities in understanding influencing factors.
 
  The guideline, individual, cultural and social context, and organization were key factors influencing the OB triage implementation in Iran. Some variety was detected between the different occupational groups' perceptions of influencing factors. Providing human resources and training and empowerment of them was the most significant factor influencing, which was acknowledged by almost all participants in all occupational groups.
 
  Identifying the influencing factors from the perspective of all stakeholders can improve the process of OB triage implementation by eliminating barriers and enhancing facilitators.
 Identifying the influencing factors from the perspective of all stakeholders can improve the process of OB triage implementation by eliminating barriers and enhancing facilitators.
  Studies investigating the relationship between sex hormones, inflammatory mediators and joint disorders have reported that sex hormones affect the pathogenesis of joint disorders. We aimed to investigate temporomandibular joint disorder (TJD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the possible role of systemic mediators and sex hormones in TJD pathogenesis.
 
  PCOS patients (n = 45) and controls (n = 30) aged 20-40 years, were enrolled in this case-control study. TJD diagnosis was performed by the specialist and blood samples were tested in the early follicular phase and on the 21 st (midluteal) day to investigate the levels of estrogen, progesterone, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1-8-9, interleukin (IL)-1ß and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.
 
  TJD incidence was significantly higher in PCOS than the control group (51.1% and 6.9% respectively, p < 0.01).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html  Midluteal progesterone (p < 0.01) was lower in PCOS group than the controls (p < 0.01). TNF-α (p < 0.01), MMP 1 (p < 0.01) and MMP 8 (p = 0.02) levels were found significantly higher in PCOS than the control group. Further, Progesterone levels were found significantly lower in TJD (+) PCOS patients than TJD (-) PCOS patients. However, significant difference was not found between the PCOS TJD (+) and PCOS TJD (-) patients for estrogen, MMP 1, MMP 8, MMP 9, TNF-α and IL-1ß.
 
  TJD frequency was found significantly increased in PCOS patients. Related with this, TJD co-occurrence should be kept in mind in the diagnosing and treatment process of PCOS due to hormonal alteration.
 TJD frequency was found significantly increased in PCOS patients. Related with this, TJD co-occurrence should be kept in mind in the diagnosing and treatment process of PCOS due to hormonal alteration.