https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cc-92480.html RESULTS Three assessment scales were identified Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1, Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms, and Opioid and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Score. Dexmedetomidine, methadone and clonidine were revealed as options for the treatment and prevention of the iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome. Finally, the use of phenobarbital suppressed symptoms of deprivation that are resistant to other drugs. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed scales facilitate the assessment of the iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and have a high diagnostic quality. However, its clinical use is very rare. The treatments identified in this review prevent and effectively treat this syndrome. The use of validated iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome assessment scales in paediatrics clinical practice facilitates assessment, have a high diagnostic quality, and should be encouraged, also ensuring nurses' training in their usage.BACKGROUND There are differences among the outcomes regarding cognitive impairment in heart failure (HF) because the evidence is fragmented and sample size is small. Therefore we aimed to systematically review and analyze the available evidence about the association between HF and dementia. METHODS In the present study, we searched for articles published until August 2019 in the following databases PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar. The pooled multivariate odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by the use of STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS The meta-analysis showed a positive association between HF and risk of all-cause dementia (OR/RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.43, I = 70.0%, P  less then  0.001). Additionally, the study showed no significant association between HF and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (OR/RR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.13, I = 74.8%, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION In conclusion, HF was associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. In addition, large sca