Correction for 'Thermo- and electro-switchable Cs⊂Fe4-Fe4 cubic cage spin-transition and electrochromism' by Jana Glatz et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, DOI 10.1039/d0cc04279j.In many products proteins have become an important component, and the long-term properties of these products are directly dependent on the stability of their proteins. To enhance this stability it has become common to add disaccharides in general, and trehalose in particular. However, the mechanisms by which disaccharides stabilize proteins and other biological materials are still not fully understood, and therefore we have here used broadband dielectric spectroscopy to investigate the stabilizing effect of the disaccharides trehalose and sucrose on myoglobin, with the aim to enhance this understanding in general and to obtain specific insights into why trehalose exhibits extraordinary stabilizing properties. The results show the existence of three or four clearly observed relaxation processes, where the three common relaxations are the local (β) water relaxation below the glass transition temperature (Tg), the structural α-relaxation of the solvent, observed above Tg, and an even slower protein relaxation duthese protein motions are slaved by the α-relaxation. Furthermore, the α-relaxation of the trehalose solution is slower than for the corresponding sucrose solution, and thereby also the protein motions become slower in the trehalose solution, which explains the more efficient stabilizing effect of trehalose on proteins above Tg.Some food and ferment manufacturing steps such as spray-drying result in the application of viscous stresses to bacteria.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/r-hts-3.html  This study explores how a viscous flow impacts both bacterial adhesion functionality and bacterial cell organization using a combined experimental and modeling approach. As a model organism we study Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) "wild type" (WT), known to feature strong adhesive affinities towards beta-lactoglobulin thanks to pili produced by the bacteria on cell surfaces, along with three cell-surface mutant strains. Applying repeated flows with high shear-rates reduces bacterial adhesive abilities up to 20% for LGG WT. Bacterial chains are also broken by this process, into 2-cell chains at low industrial shear rates, and into single cells at very high shear rates. To rationalize the experimental observations we study numerically and analytically the Stokes equations describing viscous fluid flow around a chain of elastically connected spheroidal cell bodies. In this model setting we examine qualitatively the relationship between surface traction (force per unit area), a proxy for pili removal rate, and bacterial chain length (number of cells). Longer chains result in higher maximal surface tractions, particularly at the chain extremities, while inner cells enjoy a small protection from surface tractions due to hydrodynamic interactions with their neighbors. Chain rupture therefore may act as a mechanism to preserve surface adhesive functionality in bacteria.Eco-environmental synthesis of non-expensive electrocatalysts such as transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) is critical to advancing renewable hydrogen fuel. TMP nanostructures prepared typically by introducing additional conventional phosphorus sources are suggested as promising durable and low-cost electrocatalysts. Herein, an eco-efficient guest/host precursor-based synthesis route is demonstrated to prepare doped Co2P scaffolded within echinus-like carbon ((M0.2Co0.8)2P@C, M = Fe and Ni) as electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. (Fe0.2Co0.8)2P@C is derived by directly pyrolyzing a precursor of sodium dodecyl phosphate-intercalated CoFe-layered double hydroxide (CoFe-LDH), without introducing any additional phosphorus source. Electrocatalytic testing shows that (Fe0.2Co0.8)2P@C requires overpotentials of 290 and 130 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) in an alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Furthermore, a different (Ni0.2Co0.8)2P@C composite, obtained only by altering a NiCo-LDH host, exhibits better electrocatalytic activities than those of Fe-doped (Fe0.2Co0.8)2P@C. In particular, the (No0.2Co0.8)2P@C||(Ni0.2Co0.8)2P@C electrolyzer affords a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a decent voltage of 1.62 V for overall water splitting. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) observations show the oxyhydroxide layer formed on the surface, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Fe-/Ni-doping lowers the Gibbs free energy barrier for the OER and the HER, both underpinning the enhancements.We have developed a new synthetic methodology for the rapid construction of cyclopenta[b]naphthalene frameworks from the reaction of propargylic alcohol tethered methylenecyclopropanes with mesyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine through cascade cyclization. The reaction can be performed under mild conditions without the use of transition metals, affording the target products in moderate to good yields, and this cyclization reaction process can be scaled up to a gram-scale synthesis.In this work, a novel, rapid and enzyme-free colorimetric biosensor for the detection of nucleic acids has been developed based on entropy-driven (EDC) circuit and DNAzyme-mediated autocatalytic reactions. On sensing the target DNA, the EDC reaction could be initiated and the intact Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme was formed in the reaction product; then, a "mimic target" DNA was generated during the cleavage process of DNAzyme, which in turn catalyzed the EDC reaction corresponding to an autocatalytic process. Meanwhile, numerous G-quadruplex structures were released and further interacted with hemin to form peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme, inducing a remarkably amplified colorimetric signal. This autocatalytic EDC (AEDC) sensing system exhibited a linear relationship in the range from 20 pM to 10 nM with a detection limit of 10.2 pM. More importantly, benefitting from the Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme-mediated autocatalytic reaction, the detection time (20 min) was significantly reduced compared to that for the reported EDC strategies.