Background Although previous studies suggest that dopamine receptor genes partially affect physical activity-related behaviours, all of these studies were cross-sectional studies that examined the effects of dopamine receptor genes on physical activity-related behaviours at some point in time. Therefore, the nature and extent of this relationship across the lifespan are even more uncertain.Aim The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of dopamine receptor genes (i.e. DRD2, DRD4 and DRD5) on sport participation trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood.Subjects and methods This study used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data (wave 1-4). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to investigate the effect of dopamine receptor genes on the probability of being in each sport participation trajectory group.Results A three-group model was the best fitting model for men whereas a two-group model was the best fitting model for women. The more participants possess the A1 allele of the DRD2, the less likely they are to be in the "high-decreasing group" rather than the "low-stable group" in both men and women. In male participants, the more participants carry the A1 allele of the DRD2, the more likely they are to be in the "high-stable group" rather than the "high-decreasing group" (coefficient = 0.206, p less then .05).Conclusions These results can contribute to the literature by providing important information on the effects of dopamine receptor genes on sport participation trajectories from adolescence through young adulthood.Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is one of the most pressing issues in paediatric dentistry. It is a qualitative enamel defect of systemic origin that affects at least one first permanent molar and can also be associated with permanent incisors. However, the same defects have also been observed on primary molars and other permanent teeth. Hypomineralised enamel has less distinct prisms edges and crystals and the interprismatic space is more marked. Children with MIH undergo dental treatment nearly 10 times more than unaffected children. Preventive treatment following the diagnosis of MIH should take into account patient's age and collaboration, patient's caries risk, type and extension of demarcated lesions and hypersensitivity. Risk assessment and early diagnosis are key factors to an effective and conservative treatment.AIM Choosing a paediatric dentist is an important decision for parents. The mechanisms of this selection have hardly been studied. This study assesses the factors influencing parents' decision choosing a specialised paediatric dentist for their child. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire consisting of 30 items that could potentially be relevant to decision-making was sent nationwide in Germany to paediatric dentists to be given to the parents of new patients (n=450). Eighty-nine out of 102 returned questionnaires (response rate=22.7%) were evaluated. RESULTS Parent's and children's experience in previous dental visits played an "important" or "very important" role in choosing a paediatric dentist (78.8% and 62.2%, respectively). The most frequently mentioned recommendation for the paediatric dentist was by friends and acquaintances (86.5%). Recommendations from other dentists were often included in the decision making (60.7%), while specialist journals or Internet portals were less important for the respondents (15% and 19%, respectively). Most of the parents used Internet search engines and the practice website to obtain information. CONCLUSION Previous negative experience with general dentists was the main reason for visiting a specialised paediatric dentist. Recommendations came mostly from the close social environment and the qualifications were the most important feature for choosing a paediatric dentist.AIM The aim of this study was to analyse the dmft/DMFT index in paediatric patients belonging to families with low income, in conditions of social vulnerability and absolute poverty and to compare it with a control group with a good socioeconomic status. MATERIALSN AND METHODS The study analysed a total sample of 160 patients with average age of 8.6±2.5. The sample was divided into two groups based on the Equivalent Economic Situation Indicator (ISEE). Group 1 consists of 80 patients with an ISEE value less than €6.000 and was examined at the "Solidarietà Vincenziana" Dental Centre - Rome (Italy), which is a centre dedicated to people with minimum income, destitute, elderly without resources, immigrant children; Group 2 consists of 80 patients with an ISEE value of more than €20.000 and was examined at the Pediatric Dentistry Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata. STATISTICS Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version 21 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The statistical analysis includedble to plan early preventive interventions, providing the possibility of appropriate and effective access for children in economic and social needs, whose quality of life can be further negatively affected by oral diseases.AIM Oro-facial granulomatosis is a descriptive term commonly encompassing a variety of conditions that exhibit similar clinical and microscopic features. It is generally used to describe persistent enlargement of the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report on the salient clinical features of 8 cases of Crohn's disease in paediatric patients (age range from 9 to 13 years old), with oral lesions as first clinical manifestations. RESULTS The clinical presentation of oro-facial granulomatosis is highly variable but usually recurrent facial swelling, mainly in the lips with or without intraoral manifestations, is the single most common clinical sign at onset. The association with systemic conditions such as sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease has been widely reported in literature. In paediatric age, oro-facial granulomatosis may frequently represent an extra-intestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease and oral lesions can be the first sign of an unknown intestinal disease.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kp-457.html  The diagnosis in paediatric patients is challenging as oro-facial granulomatosis may precede Crohn's disease by several years, frequently remaining the only evident active focus of the disease. CONCLUSION The detection of specific oral manifestations often preceded by painless gingival enlargement (diffuse lip and buccal mucosal swelling, oral cobblestoning, buccal sulcus ulceration and mucosal tags) and/or unspecific or ancillary ones (cheilitis, scaly perioral erythematous rashes and frank intraoral abscess formation, labial and tongue fissuring, glossitis and aphthous stomatitis) is mandatory for the early diagnosis of intestinal Crohn's disease.