STUDY QUESTION Are there any differences in the fresh (LB) and cumulative live birth rates (CLBR) of women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for IVF/ICSI following pretreatment with different types of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) for different durations as compared to no-OCP? SUMMARY ANSWER OCP administration for an interval of 12- to 30-day treatment period and with a 5-day washout period does not affect clinical pregnancy, LB nor cumulative LB in patients undergoing COS for an IVF cycle. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The use of OCP is an effective way of treatment planning in IVF/ICSI cycles, but published evidence about its effect on pregnancy and LBR is inconsistent, some studies finding decreased rates but others no difference. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a retrospective analysis carried out in a University-affiliated tertiary centre between January 2009 and December 2017. Overall, 4116 infertile women between 18 and 45 years, who underwent their first ovarian stimulation cycle in our cety Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permission@oup.com.STUDY QUESTION Are toddlers conceived by fertility treatment at higher risk of failing a screening tool for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than toddlers not conceived by treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Compared with children not conceived by infertility treatment, children conceived by any infertility treatment, ovulation induction with or without intrauterine insemination (OI/IUI), or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) appeared to have had higher odds of failing an ASD screening; however, results were inconclusive and need replication. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although most of the studies which have examined risk of ASD after ART show no association, the results are mixed. Thus, further studies are needed to clarify this association. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION The Upstate KIDS Study is a population-based, prospective cohort study of children born in New York State between 2008 and 2010. Children were screened for ASD using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) at ages 18 and 24 months. PARTICby the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD; contracts HHSN275201200005C, HHSN267200700019C). The sponsor played no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis or interpretation, writing of the manuscript or decision to submit the article for publication. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable. Published by Oxford University Press 2020.OBJECTIVES Lung cancer treatment in patients with chronic lung diseases is challenging because postoperative care is difficult and surgical outcomes are poorer than in patients with healthy lungs. This study aimed to examine postsurgical outcomes of patients with comorbid lung diseases treated for lung cancer. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 1526 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for non-small-cell lung cancer at a single centre between October 2008 and April 2017. Based on computed tomography findings, patients were assigned to 4 groups and their demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, surgical outcomes and survival were compared. RESULTS There were 1101 patients in group A, 266 patients in group B, 62 patients in group C and 97 patients in group D. In the chronic lung disease groups (B, C and D), there was a high percentage of smoking history (86.5%, 79.0% and 92.8%, respectively; P  less then  0.01). The occurrence rate of postoperative lung complications and operative mortality rates were higher in patients with chronic lung disease. Groups A, B, C and D contained 819 (74.4%), 159 (59.8%), 43 (69.4%) and 65 (67.0%) stage I patients, respectively (P  less then  0.01). The groups showed significant differences in overall survival and disease-free survival (all P  less then  0.01). The presence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema was the only significant negative prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The presence of comorbid chronic lung diseases might negatively affect prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The presence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema could be a negative prognostic factor in lung cancer treatment.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/puromycin-aminonucleoside.html  © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.The challenges in video-assisted thoracic surgery for sublobar lung resection include difficulty in tumour localization by palpation and difficulty in determining appropriate resection lines. Virtual-assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP), a bronchoscopic preoperative multispot lung dye-marking technique, allows for both tumour localization and determination of resection lines. To facilitate stapler-based resection, the AMAGAMI or 'incomplete grasping' stapler technique is useful to adjust the alignment of the stapler and resection lines. However, when the lung tissue to be stapled is thick, there is unavoidable uncertainty in the staple line inside the lung. We experimentally demonstrated that up to 1 cm of slippage of lung parenchyma occurs at stapling when the stapled lung tissue is >1 cm thick. VAL-MAP 2.0 is a new generation of VAL-MAP combining multispot dye markings with intrabronchial microcoil placement, allowing for 3-dimensional lung mapping and intraoperative navigation using fluoroscopy. The uncertainty of stapling in the lung parenchyma can be partly overcome by VAL-MAP 2.0. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.Mitochondria are intracellular organelles with two distinct membranes, known as an outer mitochondrial membrane and inner cell membrane. Originally, mitochondria have been derived from bacteria. The main function of mitochondria is the production of ATP. However, this important organelle indirectly protects cells by consuming oxygen in the route of energy generation. It has been found that mitochondria are actively involved in the induction of the intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. So, there have been efforts to sustain mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibit its dysfunction. Notably, due to the potential role of mitochondria in the stimulation of apoptosis, this organelle is a promising target in cancer therapy. Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that exhibits significant pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. The anti-tumor activity of resveratrol may be a consequence of its effect on mitochondria. Multiple studies have investigated the relationship between resveratrol and mitochondria, and it has been demonstrated that resveratrol is able to significantly enhance the concentration of reactive oxygen species, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and consequently, apoptosis induction.