The present case further confirms that the possibility of mother-to-child transmission about SARS-CoV-2 via breast milk alone was very small, and breast milk is safe for direct feeding of infants. The present case further confirms that the possibility of mother-to-child transmission about SARS-CoV-2 via breast milk alone was very small, and breast milk is safe for direct feeding of infants. Treatment of human lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) using current targeted therapies is limited because of their diverse somatic mutations without any specific dominant driver mutations. These mutational diversities preventing the use of common targeted therapies or the combination of available therapeutic modalities would require a preclinical animal model of this tumor to acquire improved clinical responses. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been recognized as a potentially useful preclinical model for personalized precision medicine. However, whether the use of LUSC PDX models would be appropriate enough for clinical application is still controversial. In the process of developing PDX models from Korean patients with LUSC, the authors investigated the factors influencing the successful initial engraftment of tumors in NOD scid gamma mice and the retainability of the pathological and genomic characteristics of the parental patient tumors in PDX tumors. The authors have developed 62 LUSC PDX models that retained the pathological and genomic features of parental patient tumors, which could be used in preclinical and co-clinical studies. Trial registration Tumor samples were obtained from 139 patients with LUSC between November 2014 and January 2019. All the patients provided signed informed consents. This study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of Samsung Medical Center (2018-03-110). The authors have developed 62 LUSC PDX models that retained the pathological and genomic features of parental patient tumors, which could be used in preclinical and co-clinical studies. Trial registration Tumor samples were obtained from 139 patients with LUSC between November 2014 and January 2019. All the patients provided signed informed consents. This study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of Samsung Medical Center (2018-03-110). Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1)-Lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3) pathway is a promising immunotherapeutic target and has synergistic effect with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). However, the prognostic significance of FGL1-LAG-3 pathway and the correlation with PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. The levels of LAG-3, FGL1, PD-L1 and cytotoxic T (CD8 T) cells in 143 HCC patients were assessed by multiplex immunofluorescence. Associations between the marker's expression and clinical significances were studied. We found FGL1 and LAG-3 densities were elevated while PD-L1 and CD8 were decreased in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues. High levels of FGL1 were strongly associated with high densities of LAG-3 cells but not PD-L1. CD8 T cells densities had positive correlation with PD-L1 levels and negative association with FGL1 expression. Elevated densities of LAG-3 cells and low levels of CD8 T cells were correlated with poor disease outcome. Moreover, LAG-3 cells deteriorated patient stratification based on the abundance of CD8 T cells. Patients with positive PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (PD-L1 TC ) tended to have an improved survival than that with negative PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (PD-L1 TC ). Furthermore, PD-L1 TC in combination with high densities of LAG-3 cells showed the worst prognosis, and PD-L1 TC patients with low densities of LAG-3 cells had the best prognosis. LAG-3, FGL1, PD-L1 and CD8 have distinct tissue distribution and relationships with each other. High levels of LAG-3 cells and CD8 T cells represent unfavorable and favorable prognostic biomarkers for HCC respectively. LAG-3, FGL1, PD-L1 and CD8 have distinct tissue distribution and relationships with each other. High levels of LAG-3+cells and CD8+ T cells represent unfavorable and favorable prognostic biomarkers for HCC respectively. Revision surgery for complex acetabular defects is still technically challenging. In this study, we discussed and compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of revision surgery between two methods using double-trabecular metal (TM) cups alone or combined with impacting bone grafting (IBG). The records of 18 patients (18 hips) who underwent revision surgery using double-trabecular metal (double-TM) cups between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients were diagnosed with Paprosky III acetabular defects. The acetabular defects were reconstructed by double-TM cups alone or in combination with IBG. We used the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) to evaluate the clinical outcomes. https://www.selleckchem.com/screening-libraries.html Pelvis plain X-ray was used to assess hip center of rotation (COR), abduction angle and anteversion angle of acetabular cup, and incorporation of the bone graft to host bone. The median follow-up time was 61.0 (IQR 56.0 to 65.8) months. s alone or combined with IBG are practical and reliable treatment options for Paprosky III acetabular defects without pelvic discontinuity. Nevertheless, high postoperative complication rate, especially in terms of dislocation, remains a challenge. Defect reconstruction using double-TM cups alone or combined with IBG are practical and reliable treatment options for Paprosky III acetabular defects without pelvic discontinuity. Nevertheless, high postoperative complication rate, especially in terms of dislocation, remains a challenge. Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is a routine method to deal with intertrochanteric fractures in the elder population. It is challenging to remove PFNA in some cases as a result of stripping of blade heads. In this case presentation, we describe a novel technique using commonly available instruments that can be used to remove stripped, even broken anti-rotation blade where conventional methods have failed. The subject underwent a PFNA removal surgery 15 months after the previous fixation. We encountered difficulties using the regular instrument to remove the anti-rotation blade. A 5-mm tungsten carbide bur was used to drill a single cortical hole at the end of the blade. Then double-strand steel wire was threaded through the hole, and the distal part was shaped into a circle which could tie to the extraction screw. Slide Hammer was applied to gently knock out the blade along the anatomical direction of the femoral neck. The technique helped us successfully remove the anti-rotation blade and provided the patient with a satisfactory result.