75 (1.32-2.33), 2.37 (1.70-3.33), 2.44 (1.61-3.73), 1.58 (1.16-2.14) and 1.27 (1.03-1.57) respectively. These LFSs were also independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Similar results were observed across subgroups analysis. The addition of LFSs to a prediction model significantly increased the C-statistic for CVOs.
 
  The present study firstly demonstrated that LFS could be used as a risk stratification tool for predicting CVOs in patients with previous MI, which should be evaluated further.
 The present study firstly demonstrated that LFS could be used as a risk stratification tool for predicting CVOs in patients with previous MI, which should be evaluated further.
  Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with various morbidities. Although the relationship between cardiovascular disease and PD has been studied, a paucity of information on PD and atrial fibrillation (AF) association exists. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether patients with PD have an increased risk of AF.
 
  This study included 57,585 patients with newly diagnosed PD (≥40-year-old, mean age 69.7years, men 40.2%) and without a history of AF from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database between 2010 and 2015. Furthermore, an equal number of age- and sex-matched subjects without PD were selected for comparison. The primary outcome was new-onset AF.
 
  During the mean follow-up period of 3.4±1.8years, AF was newly diagnosed in 3,665 patients. A significantly higher incidence rate of AF was noted among patients with PD than among patients without PD (10.75 and 7.86 per 1000 person-year, respectively). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that PD was an independent risk factor for AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.36). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that AF risk was higher in the younger age subgroups, and compared with the non-PD group, the youngest PD group (age 40-49years) had a threefold increased risk of AF (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.20-7.77).
 
  Patients with PD, especially the younger age subgroups, have an increased risk of AF. Active surveillance and management of AF should be considered to prevent further complications.
 Patients with PD, especially the younger age subgroups, have an increased risk of AF. Active surveillance and management of AF should be considered to prevent further complications.Patients with hypertension have increased risk of sudden death, but the impact of blood pressure control in sudden death is not clear. To better understand potential opportunities to prevent sudden, we assessed blood pressure control, comorbidities, and the number of recent medical encounters among all-cause sudden death victims. Less than 40% of sudden death victims with hypertension had controlled blood pressure prior to death. Furthermore, increased frequency of medical visits and number of comorbidities were associated with better blood pressure control Strategies to address clinical inertia in hypertension treatment particularly for patients with fewer comorbidities may attenuate the risk of sudden death.Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease of unknown aetiology characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinaemia with specific IgG increase and interface hepatitis on liver histology. The clinical course of AIH is classically characterized by fluctuating periods of decreased or increased disease activity and therefore its clinical spectrum is variable ranging from no symptoms to severe acute hepatitis and even fulminant hepatic failure. Acute presentation may not differ from acute hepatitis of other causes and diagnosis can be difficult. We describe our experience on diagnostic performance of the two AIH scoring systems in acute onset of AIH and found that revised version of the original criteria (1999) achieves the diagnosis in about 30% of patients who presented with normal IgG serum levels and lower frequency of autoantibody positivity in whom the simplified score did not allow the diagnosis.Recovery-oriented mental health practice guidelines recommend regular consumer involvement in care plans, yet in many acute settings, these are not routinely created thereby compromising accountability. This study explored the impact of workplace culture on the capacity of mental health nurses to involve consumers in care planning and consequently to work accountably. A focused ethnography was undertaken in one Australian inpatient unit involving mental health nurses and other health professionals. Data were derived from in-depth semistructured interviews with 12 nurses and 6 months of nonparticipant observation of multidisciplinary meetings and clinical handovers. Workplace culture had an impact on mental health nurses' accountability practices. A culture that prioritized reduction in length of stay resulted in less recovery-oriented care. Health professionals who paid more attention to crisis and risk management resulted in fewer opportunities for consumer-involved care planning.
  The aim of this study was to gain in-depth knowledge and an increased understanding on how isolation from close relatives and carers, during the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted older patients during hospitalisation in a Geriatric department.
 
  We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, to get an understanding of the older participants' perspectives and lived experiences. Complete interviews were available for 11 patients-six men and five women, between 69 and 91years of age.
 
  The participants' narratives identified several themes.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pco371.html  Feeling isolated from and having no contact with close relatives or carers was prominent. The COVID-19 pandemic created fear and anxiety among hospitalized patients. Relationships with family members and some staff became strained. The transformation from being "a person" to being "a patient" and loss of dignity, autonomy and a "sense of self" were themes identified in the analysis. Although virtual contact can't replace the real world, the use of technology to maintain contact with family and carers, and the need for help from hospital staff in facilitating this contact was deemed important.