A novel biological approach using ark shell bivalves as potential species for remediation of effluents was studied to determine the microbial community interspecies interaction and nutrient cycling in a restoration system of mariculture effluents. A field study showed that Scapharca subcrenata was the main driver of the microbial community's interspecies-interaction (PERMANOVA, R = 0.0572, P = 0.005) in the treatment zone (TZ).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/valproic-acid.html  Analysis of co-occurrence networks based on random matrix theory (RMT) indicated that the network's complexity parameters were enhanced in the TZ and disrupted in the control zone (CZ) due to eutrophic disturbances. Concurrently, the TZ was correlated with more profound network modifications (i.e., higher modularity, total nodes (n), cohesion, and proportion of positive links), suggesting that S. subcrenata influenced microbial interspecies interactions in the system. Similarly, the co-occurring networks of generalists Proteobacteria (OTU2037) at genus Anaerospora and Actinobacteria (OTU9660) at genus Candidatus aquiluna for anaerobic ammonia-oxidation (ANAMMOX) were highly significant in the TZ. The top-down and bottom-up forces of S. subcrenata influenced the removal efficiency of nitrogenous compounds by reducing 81.51% of nitrite (NO2--N), 84.61% of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) and 72.78% of nitrate (NO3--N). Generally, the introduction of ark shell bivalve (S. subcrenata) to the system as a biofilter provides a very low-cost bioremediation technology that could be one of the best restorations and remediation tools for mariculture effluents. We investigated the nutrient acquisition of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the importance of sediment to water column nutrient pulses, which regularly occur in coastal lagoons forced by incoming flood tides. Ammonium was preferentially taken up and accounted for 60-90% of the total daily N acquisition, whereas amino acid acquisition through belowground plant parts represented the second most important source of N, accounting 8-34%. The uptake of ammonium pulses increased dramatically the daily N acquisition from 9.5 mmol m-2 day-1 to 1.33 mmol m-2 day-1 at ambient nutrient concentrations, enabling the species to meet its N demand. Roots accounted for 96% of the total phosphate acquisition, with no evidence for P limitation. The ability of seagrasses to adapt to nutrient pulses may be an overlooked nutrition strategy common to many ecosystems where nutrient availability in the water column is low but nutrient pulses occur. Natural storms are able to determine reworking of seabed up to considerable depths and favour suspension of sediment-associated chemicals. Yet, a direct link between exposure to resuspended contaminants and the biological effects on marine organisms have to be fully established. We exposed adults of a suspension feeder, the ascidian Ciona robusta, to polluted sediment (e.g., containing mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals) from the industrial area of Bagnoli-Coroglio under two temporal patterns ('aggregated' vs. 'spaced') of turbulence events. Then, we assessed the impact of resuspended pollutants on the ascidian gut environment via four broad categories oxidative stress, innate immunity, host-microbiota interactions, and epithelium. An early oxidative stress response was seen after a week of exposure to static sediment. Instead, water turbulence had no effect on the antioxidant defence. The first episode of turbulent suspension induced a minimal pro-inflammatory response in the 'spaced' pattern. Mucus overproduction and a complete occlusion of the crypt lumen were found following sediment reworking. This study suggests a protective response of the gut environment in marine invertebrates exposed to environmental extremes, leading to increased susceptibility to disease and to concerns on the combined effects of chronic environmental contamination and acute disturbance events possibly associated with climate change. Pollutants alter marine systems, interfering with provisioning of ecosystem services; understanding their interaction with ecological communities is therefore critical to inform environmental management. Here we propose a joint compositional- and interaction-based analysis for ecological status assessment and apply it on the benthic communities of the Bagnoli Bay. We found that contamination differentially affects the communities' composition in the bay, with prokaryotes influenced only by depth, and benthos not following the environmental gradient at all. This result is confirmed by analyses of the community structure, whose network structure suggest fast carbon flow and cycling, especially promoted by nematodes and polychaetes; the benthic prey/predator biomass ratio, adjusted for competition, successfully synthesise the status of predator taxa. We found demersal fish communities to separate into a deep, pelagic-like community, and two shallow communities where a shift from exclusive predators to omnivores occurs, moving from the most polluted to the least polluted sampling units. Finally, our study indicate that indices based on interspecific interactions are better indicators of environmental gradients than those defined based on species composition exclusively. Dismissed industrial plants with chronic environmental contamination globally affect all levels of biological organization in concert with other natural and anthropogenic perturbations. Assessing the impact of such perturbations and finding effective ways to mitigate them have clear ecological and societal implications. Through indoor manipulative experiments, we assessed here the effects of the temporal regime of reworking of contaminated sediment from the Bagnoli-Coroglio brownfield (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) on the fertilization process in Paracentrotus lividus. Adult sea urchins were kept for one month in tanks containing contaminated sediment that was re-suspended according to two temporal patterns of water turbulence differing in the time intervals between consecutive events of agitation (mimicking the storms naturally occurring in the study area) in seawater with natural vs. supersaturated oxygenation levels. At the end of the treatment, gametes were collected and used to test the hypothesis that the regime of contaminated sediment reworking negatively, but reversibly, affects morphological and physiological traits of the fertilized eggs.