https://www.selleckchem.com/products/R406.html Prompt management of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may prevent its morbidity and mortality. Maculopapular (MP) eruption is a presenting sign of acute GVHD, but differentiation from other causes of MP rash is challenging. A retrospective study was conducted among patients developing MP eruptions after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We compared the clinical and histopathological differences between an acute cutaneous GVHD (group 1) and other MP eruptions (group 2). We also determined the clinical prognostic indicators linked to acute GVHD severity, morbidity, and mortality. Of 95 patients identified, 75 met the classification criteria for acute GVHD, and 25 had other MP eruptions. Palm and/or sole involvement was more frequently found (51.4% vs. 12%, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval]=7 [2.1, 23.7], P<0.01 and 41.4% vs. 0%, OR 37.2 [2.2, 635], P<0.01, respectively) in group 1 than in group 2. Comparing the histological features between the two groups, necrotic keortality (OR 4.87 [1.4, 17.4], P=0.02 and OR 4.6 [1.3, 16.5], P=0.02, respectively). Our findings may be beneficial tools for establishing the diagnosis of acute GVHD. Our findings may be beneficial tools for establishing the diagnosis of acute GVHD. Beam quality correction factors provided in current codes of practice for proton beams are approximated using the water-to-air mass stopping power ratio and by assuming the proton beam quality related perturbation correction factors to be unity. The aim of this work is to use Monte Carlo simulations to calculate energy dependent beam quality and perturbation correction factors for a set of nine ionization chambers in proton beams. The Monte Carlo code EGSnrc was used to determine the ratio of the absorbed dose to water and the absorbed dose to the sensitive air volume of ionization chambers f Q 0 related to the reference photon beam quality ( Co). For proton beams, the quantity f Q