struct validity, as well as test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change. To enhance conceptual clarity, the development of an underlying theoretical model of needs should be prioritized.
 Despite the good evidence for some psychometric properties, further developments in the field of needs assessment for informal dementia caregivers are needed, particularly regarding structural and construct validity, as well as test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change. To enhance conceptual clarity, the development of an underlying theoretical model of needs should be prioritized.
  The objective of this review was to synthesize evidence on the experiences and perceptions of spousal/partner caregivers of community-dwelling adults with dementia.
 
  Currently 47 million people in the world have a diagnosis of dementia, and this number is predicted to climb to 75 million by 2030. The majority of care is provided by family members, particularly spouses/partners. Quantitative systematic reviews of spouse/partner caregivers demonstrate negative health effects for these caregivers. This review synthesized the qualitative evidence on the experiences of spousal/partner caregivers of people with dementia to further understanding how this care and the context of care contribute to the health and well-being of spousal/partner caregivers.
 
  This review considered qualitative studies that explored the experiences of spousal/partner caregivers providing care for adults with dementia. The focus was on qualitative designs including, but not limited to, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, actionof caregivers. The limitations to this review include the possibility of missed studies, all study participants being in heterosexual relationships, and the majority of participants being Caucasian. Recommendations for practice, policy and research include the need for awareness of the extent of change in the lives of the person with dementia and the spousal/partner caregiver, the importance of support and respite, the need to tangibly recognize the value of the unpaid caregiver in a way that preserves the health and well-being of this group, and research is required that is culturally sensitive and reflects the experiences of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, ally, pansexual populations.Elevation of the cytosolic free calcium ion (Ca2+ ) concentration ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) is one of the earliest responses to biotic and abiotic stress in plant cells. Among the various Ca2+ detection systems available, aequorin-based luminescence Ca2+ imaging systems provide a relatively amenable and robust method that facilitates large-scale genetic-mutant screening based on [Ca2+ ]cyt responses.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0994.html  Compared to that mediated by chemical elicitors, mechanical stimulation-induced elevation of [Ca2+ ]cyt is considerably more rapid, occurring within 10 s following stimulation. Therefore, its assessment using aequorin-based Ca2+ imaging systems represents a notable challenge, given that a time interval of ≥1 min is required to reduce the background light before operating the photon imaging detector. In this context, we designed a device that can rotate automatically within the confines of an enclosed dark box, and using this, we can record [Ca2+ ]cyt dynamics immediately after plants had been rotated to induce mechanical stimulation. This tool can facilitate the study of perception and early signal transduction in response to mechanical stimulation on a large scale based on [Ca2+ ]cyt responses. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1 Detection of background luminance signals in aequorin-transformed Arabidopsis seedlings using a photon imaging detector Basic Protocol 2 Construction of the rotatory device Basic Protocol 3 Calcium measurement in Arabidopsis seedlings after rotatory stimulation Basic Protocol 4 Data analysis and processing.
  High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is recommended to be administered with serial monitoring of methotrexate (MTX) levels, which may not be universally feasible in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluated the overall experience of administration of HDMTX at our center by monitoring a single drug level at 54h from the start of MTX infusion.
 
  This retrospective study was performed at a tertiary level hospital in north India, over a 5-year period (2011-2015). All patients <18years of age with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and T-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL) were enrolled in the study. Details of HDMTX and all significant toxicities requiring prolonged or repeat hospitalization were retrieved from the medical records. All eligible patients received HDMTX as per the recommendations followed by at least three doses of leucovorin rescue, before drug levels were sent at 54h. Subsequent leucovorin doses were adjusted accordingly.
 
  The records of 598 cycles of HDMTX in 184 patients were reviewed. A total of 531 of 598 cycles (88.7%) were managed with monitoring only a single plasma drug level at 54h from the beginning of infusion. Delayed MTX clearance was seen in 260 of 598 cycles (43.5%). Only three episodes (0.5%) were associated with significant toxicity. There were no deaths.
 
  The strategy of monitoring MTX concentration at 54h was safe in our cohort. Although recommended, dynamic monitoring of plasma drug levels may not always predict toxicity.
 The strategy of monitoring MTX concentration at 54 h was safe in our cohort. Although recommended, dynamic monitoring of plasma drug levels may not always predict toxicity.
  To evaluate work-related issues (WRIs) and their determinants in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) across Europe.
 
  The European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (EMAS) is a cross-sectional on-line survey (2017-2018) of unselected patients with self-reported axSpA from 13 European countries. Participants were classified as active or inactive members of labour force according to the International Labour Organization standards. Those employed reported WRIs due to axSpA in the past 12 months. Sociodemographic and patient-reported outcomes were compared between patients with and without WRIs. Stepwise regression analysis was conducted to identify independent determinants of WRIs.
 
  Sample comprised 2,846 axSpA patients; 1,653 were active members of the labour force; 1,450 were employed, of which 67.7% reported at least one WRI. Most reported WRIs were taking sick leave (56.3%), difficulty fulfilling working hours (44.6%) and missing work for doctor's appointments (34.6%). 74.1% of total sample declared they had or would face difficulties finding a job due to axSpA.