Enhancing the efficiency of the crystalline silicon solar cell (c-Si SC) by coating the energy shifting layer with quantum dots (QDs) is a recent approach to efficiently utilize the high-energy spectrum of light. Carbon QDs are an attractive candidate for such applications; however, a small Stokes shift and nonuniform coating due to high aggregation are the bottlenecks to fully utilize their potential. For this purpose, here, we propose a layer-by-layer self-assembled uniform coating of eco-friendly red-emissive hollow nitrogen-doped carbon QDs (NR-CQDs) as an efficient energy-down-shifting layer. A unique hollow and conjugated structure of NR-CQDs was designed to achieve a large Stokes shift (UV-excited red emission) with a quantum yield (QY) comparable to Cd/Pb QDs. A highly uniform coating of intrinsically negatively charged NR-CQDs on c-Si SCs was achieved by cationizing the c-Si SC by bovine serum albumin (BSA) under mildly acidic conditions. By an opposite-charge-assisted, self-assembled overlayer, the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and power-conversion efficiency were increased by 5.8%, which is attributed to the large Stokes shift (255 nm) and high QY. Blue-emissive undoped carbon QDs were synthesized for comparison with the proposed NR-CQDs to elucidate the significance of the novel proposed structure.Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition are critical events in dentistry not only due to the need for urgent care, but also since they have potential sequelae in the permanent dentition, with a prevalence ranging from 12% to 74%. The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the prevalence, etiology, and clinical and radiographic characteristics as well as the management of permanent teeth sequelae resulting from traumatic injuries to their deciduous predecessors. An extensive literature review was performed to reveal the current evidence on enamel discoloration with or without hypomineralization/hypoplasia, crown dilaceration, odontoma-like malformation, root anomalies, partial or complete arrest of root formation, sequestration of the permanent tooth germ, and eruption disturbances.INTRODUCTION The management of anxiety and fear of patients experiencing medical treatment is always a major issue. Dentistry is a branch of medicine that is daily in managing these problems, especially in the case of pediatric patients. Odontophobia can be managed in different ways, and the purpose of this study is to eventually review which methods are currently accepted and which are the most effective. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The literature analysis was conducted on a number of articles, suitably skimmed, after a first research, obtained from the most common scientific databases. The number of works included in the review is 28. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS From the RCTs evaluated we could highlight that there are different methods in the literature, equally effective and certainly conditioned by the systemic condition of the patient. Another chapter instead turns out to be that linked to the management of the syndromic patient. CONCLUSIONS It is clear that there are different methods and equally different ways to manage our patients in the event of non-cooperation in the case of dental care. In addition to proper management by the clinician, in the literature methods linked to audiovisual distractions, hypnosis or pharmacological methods that produce conscious sedation are effectively reported.INTRODUCTION In the last few years the surgical treatment of patients with maxillary sinus disease has shifted from more invasive maneuvers to more conservative approaches in order to save intraoral mucosa. Recently, some authors have proposed a modification to the classical Caldwell-Luc's approach (CL) for the removal of dental implants displaced into the maxillary sinus. The modified approach involves a fenestrated approach to the maxillary sinus. The bony pedicled windows of maxillary sinus in some selected cases may limit some of the most common complications and it may reduce healing times. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Evaluation of the middle term results of a maxillary fenestrated sinus approach as an alternative technique to CL and review of literature. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS From 2013 to 2017 thirty-one patients were treated with the CL modified technique, most of which for foreign bodies, displacement of endodontic material and implants in the maxillary sinus, large mucoceles and odontogenic maxillary sinusitist require particular surgical skills, it does not increase the operating time and can also be performed under local anesthesia.BACKGROUND The aim of this pilot study was the evaluation of primary, idiopathic mucosal dryness (xerostomia or dry mouth) in subjects without cancer. METHODS A group of non-diabetic subjects and a group of diabetics were managed with standard management (SM) or with SM+Pycnogenol® (150 mg/day) for 2 weeks. RESULTS In total, 48 subjects were included in the study; 24 diabetics and 24 non-diabetics. 12 diabetics and 12 non-diabetics took Pycnogenol® and 12 diabetics and 12 non-diabetics were followed up with standard management only and served as controls. No side effects and no tolerability problems were observed with Pycnogenol®. The registry groups were comparable for characteristics and symptoms at baseline. All otherwise healthy subjects had a BMI less then 26 kg/m2. In 2 weeks, salivary flow and oxidative stress improved significantly in both groups of subjects (non-diabetics and diabetics) with 150 mg/day Pycnogenol® (P less then 0.05), while minimal improvements in salivary flow were seen with SM. The subjective score and the number of mucosal breaks and ulcerations, all minimal ( less then 1 mm in length or diameter), were significantly decreased with Pycnogenol® supplementation (P less then 0.05) with minimal variations in the SM controls. Finally, the mean lysozyme level in parotid saliva samples was significantly increased in the Pycnogenol® group (P less then 0.05) both in diabetics and non-diabetics.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/valproic-acid.html  CONCLUSIONS Based on these preliminary results, Pycnogenol® could be a new, valid option for the treatment of xerostomia.