Chinese ceramic technology moved from craftsmanship to an industry-based science "ceramics engineering" from the 1840s to the 1940s. The study argues that construction activities induced the move, starting in architectural ceramics. Increasing efforts from architects, civil and railway engineers, mechanical and electrical engineers, and chemical and geological engineers directed the development, ultimately incorporating China's porcelain and pottery industry as one branch. This new perspective on the historiography of architecture and technology of China is built on engineering and archival sources, laboratory methods, and fieldwork. While opening a broad picture, the article also focuses on a crucial moment when the Belgian company Crédit Foncier d'Extrême-Orient introduced into China the modern manufacture system of ceramics in 1909-35. The history engages Shanghai's heyday of high-rise buildings.Following the conclusion of the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, drinking water in Beijing underwent a revolution with the introduction of Japanese well-drilling technology.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-3827.html  Based on the sources housed in Mainland China, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States, this article investigates Japanese well-drilling technology and how it was economically, socially, and culturally indigenized in Beijing, both in the Tartar City and Chinese City, by placing the technology transfer within the complex picture of accommodation and compromise among the state, foreign powers, and the society. I contend that in the Tartar City, the state patronized well drilling by establishing the Institute of Well Drilling, while in the Chinese City, merchants and water carriers became patrons of the new technology, reflecting a deep dichotomy between the Tartar City and Chinese City, segregated by ethnicity since the 1640s.This article suggests that the term "innovation," which is nowadays a ubiquitous buzzword for policy makers and economic analysts, should be viewed as a political agenda and a way of practicing R&D adopted by a wide range of historical actors, including bureaucrats, corporate executives, engineers, and social scientists. To examine the politics of innovation, this article looks at South Korea in the 1980s and 1990s, when different ideas of innovation were mobilized, conflicted, and reshaped in the context of political regime changes and global trade disputes. Rather than exploring the factors that contribute to being innovative, this article attempts to reveal the socio-technical dynamics in which certain types of practicing R&D are understood as innovation.American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth disproportionately face barriers accessing healthcare, including lack of access to culturally specific resources. This article details the creation of a culturally-specific Toolkit for AI/AN transgender and Two-Spirit youth, their relatives, and their healthcare providers across the United States. The Toolkit aims to 1) deliver culturally grounded resources to youth with diverse gender identities, 2) provide resources for families, and 3) increase healthcare provider awareness. A culturally appropriate Toolkit, "Celebrating Our Magic," was created from continual engagement with community partners over a 6-month period to address identified needs. The Toolkit has been shared regionally with partners who helped with its creation and nationally with Indian Health Service, Tribal, and Urban clinics serving AI/AN youth. This Toolkit creation process could be applied to manuals or guides for work in other underserved communities.The past few decades of research support both the impact of trauma (e.g., abuse, neglect, violence) particularly in childhood, and the ability to lessen its effects through the implementation of trauma-informed care (TIC). We have successfully developed a communitywide system of TIC enhancing collaboration and common language across sectors and organizations within sectors. The collaboration involved more than 100 individuals from more than 45 organizations including healthcare, education, children's services, the faith community, behavioral health providers, criminal justice, law enforcement, private businesses, and others. The process for developing a system of care has been evaluated through community surveys and focus groups, verifying its ability to increase understanding and implementation of TIC principles, replication in a nearby city, and the development of an instructional toolkit to aid other communities in creating such systems of care.
  Public transportation is a social determinant of health and is crucial to aspects of health like access to healthcare, employment, and nutrition. Existing health inequities are exacerbated by inefficient or inaccessible public transportation systems.
 
  To provide a detailed analysis of the issues and concerns related to public transportation in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and describe how coalition-building was used to influence positive change in transportation policy.
 
  Members from various organizations aligned with local transit riders to create the Transportation Coalition and advocate for extended night and weekend services for the Winston-Salem public transportation system.
 
  Partnerships between community-based organizations are crucial to identifying and addressing the needs of a community. The Transportation Coalition will continue its work in local public transportation policy. A long-term policy objective is fare-free transit on the city bus system.
 Partnerships between community-based organizations are crucial to identifying and addressing the needs of a community. The Transportation Coalition will continue its work in local public transportation policy. A long-term policy objective is fare-free transit on the city bus system.
  Active patient engagement in research is critically important, but can be difficult in controversial areas where patients have conflicting perspectives.
 
  In this Lesson's Learned report, we describe engagement of patients with divergent views in guiding a controlled interrupted time series evaluation of chronic opioid therapy risk reduction initiatives implemented by a large health plan.
 
  A nine-person Patient Advisory Committee (PAC) advised the scientific team on the evaluation and reporting of results on diverse outcomes important to patients, including pain and function, opioid use disorder, overdose, motor vehicle accidents, and medically attended injuries. Patients were selected with varied perspectives on opioid prescribing for chronic pain. Multiple strategies facilitated PAC engagement making room for personal experience; investing upfront in setting the stage for working together including an initial face to face meeting; clarifying shared values; and including individuals skilled in group process and collaboration.