caballi in 9% of equids (8% horses and 13% donkeys), and antibodies to Trichinella spp. in 4% of equids (4% horses and 0% donkeys). There was co-infection of T. equi and B. caballi in 1% of horses and co-infection of T. equi and Trichinella spp. in 2.6% of horses. This is the first report on seroprevalence of Trichinella spp. in equids from Northern Nigeria.
  Charcot arthropathy is a progressive, non-infectious, destructive inflammatory process. Charcot arthropathy of the knee (CK) is rare and diagnosis is often delayed, resulting in detrimental outcomes. This scoping review aims to investigate the literature on CK, present the pathognomonic features of CK to aid early diagnosis, and suggest gaps in the literature for future research.
 
  A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science for literature relevant to CK was performed. Primary studies such as case reports, case series, retrospective studies were included. Review articles and animal studies were excluded.
 
  Of the 513 results, 58 were included in qualitative synthesis. Average time from symptom onset to CK diagnosis was 50.5months. Eighteen and twenty-one studies included patients who had diabetes mellitus and syphilis, respectively. Twenty-one studies reported pain as a presenting complaint, but the degree of pain didn't correspond with the level of destruction. Oedema and joint effusion were noticed in 34 studies. Twenty-nine studies reported lower limb hypoesthesia and 17 studies reported decreased tendon reflex. Twenty-eight studies reported initial conservative treatment, often in a knee brace with minimal weight bearing, 9 of which needed subsequent surgical management. Twelve studies utilised arthrodesis, with fracture at the intramedullary nail entry site being the most common complication. Twenty-four studies utilised TKA.
 
  The literature on CK remains sparse, with most publications being case reports. Given that CK dramatically reduces quality of life, increases morbidity of patients, there is need for more literature on evidence-based options for early diagnoses and management.
 The literature on CK remains sparse, with most publications being case reports. Given that CK dramatically reduces quality of life, increases morbidity of patients, there is need for more literature on evidence-based options for early diagnoses and management.
  Expectancies about symptom improvement or deterioration are reliable predictors of symptom progression and treatment outcomes (symptom resolution or symptomatic improvement) in many (non-)pharmacological studies and treatments. This study examined predictors of symptom improvement after antimicrobial therapy for persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease, hypothesizing particularly pre-treatment expectancies regarding symptom improvement to be predictive.
 
  A predictive study was performed on pre-treatment and post-treatment individual characteristics, including expectancies, and physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from the PLEASE-trial comparing randomized 12-weeks of doxycycline, clarithromycin-hydroxychloroquine, or placebo following 2weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone. At end-of-treatment (14weeks after trial start) and follow-up (52weeks), complete data of 231 and 170 (of initial 280) patients with persistent symptoms temporally related to a history of erythema migrans or otherptoms attributed to Lyme disease, it is relevant to know which factors determine symptom progression and predict heterogeneity in treatment response. • Next to pre-treatment functioning, expectancies regarding symptom improvement and having received antimicrobial study medication are associated with a more beneficial symptom course after both shorter-term and longer-term antimicrobial treatment. • Expectancies are relevant to consider in treatment studies and may be useful in clinical settings to improve symptom course and treatment outcome (e.g., by optimized communication about treatment success).Occupational allergies are among the most common recorded occupational diseases. The skin and the upper and lower respiratory tract are the classical manifestation organs. More than 400 occupational agents are currently documented as being potential "respiratory sensitizers" and new reported causative agents are reported each year. These agents may induce occupational rhinitis (OR) or occupational asthma (OA) and can be divided into high-molecular weight (HMW) and low-molecular weight (LMW) agents.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PHA-793887.html  The most common occupational HMW agents are (glycol)proteins found in flour and grains, enzymes, laboratory animals, fish and seafood, molds, and Hevea brasiliensis latex. Typical LMW substances are isocyanates, metals, quaternary ammonium persulfate, acid anhydrides, and cleaning products/disinfectants. Diagnosis of occupational respiratory allergy is made by a combination of medical history, physical examination, positive methacholine challenge result or bronchodilator responsiveness, determination of IgE-mediated sensitization, and specific inhalation challenge tests as the gold standard. Accurate diagnosis of asthma is the first step to managing OA as shown above. Removal from the causative agent is of central importance for the management of OA. The best strategy to avoid OA is primary prevention, ideally by avoiding the use of and exposure to the sensitizer or substituting safer substances for these agents.The Reocín mine is located in Cantabrian region, in northern Spain. Its exploitation ended in 2003 due to the exhaustion of its reserves. In November 2004, the controlled flooding of the openpit began. During this process, both the qualities of stored water and piezometric levels have been monitored to control the possible water detraction from the Saja-Besaya hydrographic system. This paper deals with the water chemistry analysis of the pit lake surface, as well as the different conditions of the area. Geological and hydrogeological contexts play an important role in the lake water chemistry. The lake water quality continues improving. The sulphate content and zinc concentrations are already below the permitted pouring limits. Three factors are distinguished the washing of the mine shafts is completed; the water supply from the aquifer contributes to the dissolution of the salt content and the bedrock, and dolomite, which neutralizes acid waters and improves the water quality during the flooding process with a pH value of 8.