https://www.selleckchem.com/products/filgotinib.html Although the CHCs were mainly engaged in information sharing and consultation, their influence on DHB decision-making could not be determined from the sources. CONCLUSION This is the first study of CHCs throughout New Zealand investigating their roles, structure and type of engagement. As the concept is evolving and more CHCs are being established, this information may be useful for future CHCs. With increasing longevity of CHCs in New Zealand, future studies could usefully investigate CHCs' potential to represent the health interests of their local communities, and their influence on DHB decision-making.AIMS National responses to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) require an understanding of the factors driving its development and spread. Research to date has primarily focused on determining individual-level risk factors for AMR-associated infections. However, additional insights may be gained by investigating exposures associated with AMR variation at the population level. METHODS We used an ecological study design to describe the association between the incidence rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) infection and population-level variables among 18 geographically distinct populations, defined by district health boards, in Aotearoa New Zealand. Associations were described using Spearman's correlational analysis. RESULTS Positive correlations were found between the incidence of both MRSA and ESBL-E. coli infection and household crowding and community antimicrobial use. Positive correlations were also observed between MRSA and socioeconomic deprivation; age less then 5 years; Māori ethnicity; and Pacific ethnicity. For ESBL-E. coli, positive correlations were also observed with Asian ethnicity; Pacific ethnicity; and overseas-born new arrivals. European ethnicity was negatively correlated with both MRSA and ESBL-E. coli i