https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pfi-3.html This study aimed to fabricate hyaluronic acid (HA)/parecoxib-loaded PLGA microspheres for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and investigate the in vitro and in vivo effect of the microsphere system so as to solve the issues of poor drug delivery and short duration on drug concentration in conventional TMD therapy. The microspheres were prepared by the double emulsion (w/o/w) method. Various formulations were compared in terms of particle size, drug loading rate and encapsulation rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR spectroscopy were performed to evaluate physicochemical properties. The drug release be-havior of microspheres and toxicity assay on synovial cells were investigated. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect on in-flammatory markers such as IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 was assessed by real-time PCR. Then the in vivo therapeutic effect of microspheres was investigated using mechanically-induced rat synovitis model. Protein levels of D using PLGA microspheres loaded with HA and parecoxib as a successful drug delivery system. The study presented new and potential insights into treatments of TMD using PLGA microspheres loaded with HA and parecoxib as a successful drug delivery system.Stress is a constant threat for homeostasis and is represented by different extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli (stressors, Hans Selye's 'noxious agents'), such as aggressive behavior, fear, diseases, physical activity, drugs, surgical injury, and environmental and physiological changes. Our organism responds to stress activating the adaptive stress system to activate compensatory responses for restoring homeostasis. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) was discovered as a signaling molecule involved in survival, protection, differentiation, and proliferation of sympathetic and peripheral sensory neurons. NGF mediates stress with an important role in translating environmental stimuli i