White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Commonly considered as a marker of cerebrovascular disease, regional WMH may be related to pathological hallmarks of AD, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the regional distribution of WMH associated with Aβ burden, glucose hypometabolism, and gray matter volume reduction.
 
  In a total of 155 participants (IMAP+ cohort) across the cognitive continuum from normal cognitionto AD dementia, FLAIR MRI, AV45-PET, FDG-PET, and T1 MRI were acquired. WMH were automatically segmented from FLAIR images.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/taurochenodeoxycholic-acid.html  Mean levels of neocortical Aβ deposition (AV45-PET), temporo-parietal glucose metabolism (FDG-PET), and medial-temporal gray matter volume (GMV) were extracted from processed images using established AD meta-signature templates. Associations between ADbrain biomarkers and WMH, as assessed in region-of-interest and voxel-wise, were examined, adjusting for age, sex, education,s of AD. Our results highlight modality-specific topographic patterns of WMH, which converged in the posterior white matter. Overall, these cross-sectional findings corroborate associations of regional WMH with AD-typical Aß deposition and neurodegeneration.
  Bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) has been increasingly observed among hospitalized patients. The following study analyzed the epidemiology and microbiological characteristics of MDR-AB, as well as the clinical features, antimicrobial treatments, and outcomes in patients over a six years period in China.
 
  This retrospective study was conducted in a large tertiary hospital in China between January 2013 and December 2018. The clinical and microbiological data of all consecutive hospitalized patients with MDR-AB induced bloodstream infection were included and analyzed.
 
  A total of 108 BSI episodes were analyzed. All MDR isolates belonged to ST2, a sequence type that has spread all over the world. Overall, ST2 strains showed strong biofilm formation ability, high serum resistance, and high pathogenicity. As for the clinical characteristics of the patient, 30-day mortality was 69.4% (75/108). The three main risk factors included mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and thrombocytopenia; three protective factors included a change of antimicrobial regimen within 48h after positive blood culture, use of the antibacterial agent combination, and more inpatient days. The most effective antibacterial regimen was the combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam and tigecycline.
 
  BSI caused by ST2 A.baumannii represents a difficult challenge for physicians, considering the high mortality associated with this infection. The combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam and tigecycline may be an effective treatment option.
 BSI caused by ST2 A.baumannii represents a difficult challenge for physicians, considering the high mortality associated with this infection. The combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam and tigecycline may be an effective treatment option.
  Basilar invagination (BI) with atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is not uncommon in patients with scoliosis, Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), and other bone deformities. Cases with combinations of the abovementioned dislocations and deformities with posterior cranial fossa teratoma are rare in the clinic and difficult to handle.
 
  This case presents a 34-year-old woman diagnosed with atlantoaxial dislocation and posterior cranial fossa mass. After two surgeries, the posterior cranial teratoma was completely removed with satisfactory atlantoaxial reduction. The postoperative 1-year follow-up examination showed that the bone graft fusion was successful, without remaining significant dysfunction.
 
  The surgical risk of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation combined with posterior cranial fossa tumor is huge. Thus, it needs to be fully preoperatively evaluated and managed carefully in accordance with sound surgical principles.
 The surgical risk of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation combined with posterior cranial fossa tumor is huge. Thus, it needs to be fully preoperatively evaluated and managed carefully in accordance with sound surgical principles.
  Male sex workers are at high-risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We quantified incidence rates of STIs and identified their time-varying predictors among male sex workers in Mexico City.
 
  From January 2012 to May 2014, male sex workers recruited from the largest HIV clinic and community sites in Mexico City were tested for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months. Incidence rates with 95% bootstrapped confidence limits were calculated. We examined potential time-varying predictors using generalized estimating equations for a population averaged model.
 
  Among 227 male sex workers, median age was 24 and baseline HIV prevalence was 32%. Incidence rates (per 100 person-years) were as follows HIV [5.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.15-10.31], chlamydia (5.15; 95% CI 2.58-9.34), gonorrhea (3.93; 95% CI 1.88-7.83), syphilis (13.04; 95% CI 8.24-19.94), hepatitis B (2.11; 95% CI 0.53-4.89), hepatitis C (0.95; 95% CI 0.00-3.16), any STI except HIV (30.99; 95% CI 21.73-40.26), and any STI including HIV (50.08; 95% CI 37.60-62.55). In the multivariable-adjusted model, incident STI (excluding HIV) were lower among those who reported consistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse (odds ratio = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00-0.68) compared to those who reported inconsistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse.
 
  Incidence of STIs is high among male sex workers in Mexico City. Consistent condom use is an important protective factor for STIs, and should be an important component of interventions to prevent incident infections.
 Incidence of STIs is high among male sex workers in Mexico City. Consistent condom use is an important protective factor for STIs, and should be an important component of interventions to prevent incident infections.