All these methods were validated for selectivity, repeatability, and sensitivity. The modified method in this study could not only eliminate the cross-reactivity between antibodies but also monitor the whole procedure of the analysis of EPO with spiked rat EPO. Besides that, rat EPO could also be used as an indicator for monitoring the presence of protease(s) in urine samples.The increasing awareness of sustainability has led to enormous growth of the demand for bio-based and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide) (PLA). In industry, polymerization of lactide is currently carried out using tin catalysts (e. g., tin(II) ethyl hexanoate, Sn(Oct)2 ). Since the catalyst remains in the polymer, it can accumulate in the soil or in the human body after degradation and cause damage due to its toxicity. Therefore, a search for a suitable substitute for this catalyst has been going on for decades. Guanidine metal complexes prove to be excellent catalysts in the polymerization of lactide. They are not only convincing because of their activity and the synthesis of high molar mass polymers, but also show a high robustness against high temperatures, oxidation as well as residual protic impurities in the monomer. Herein, key zinc and iron guanidine complexes are discussed with respect to their apparent rate constant (kapp ) and rate constant of propagation (kp ), produced molar masses and the mechanism involved.Family caregivers play an important role in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors. The aim of this study was to describe preparedness, uncertainty and knowledge regarding stroke in family caregivers of people who have undergone strokes, and to investigate factors influencing preparedness. A total of 306 caregivers completed the questionnaires including the Caregiver Preparedness Scale, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale and Knowledge of Stroke. The result showed that the mean score of the family caregivers preparedness was 14.42, the mean score of disease uncertainty was 75.62, and the mean score of stroke knowledge was 10.41. Caregiver preparedness was negatively correlated with disease uncertainty and positively correlated with knowledge. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that educational background, profession, caregiving experience and uncertainty degree of the family caregivers, gender and age of stroke survivor could predict 45.90% of the total variation in preparedness. The findings suggest that demographic characteristics of stroke survivor and family caregiver as well as caregivers' disease uncertainty enable predict the level of caregiver preparedness. Medical professionals should pay attention to providing personalized and targeted approaches to maximize caregivers' preparedness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly implemented in the treatment of inflammation, pain and fever when used in therapeutic doses in human and veterinary medicine. The method for the simultaneous determination of nine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs known as therapeutic prohibited substances in equine urine has been developed and fully validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC) criteria. The validation was in accordance with the International Screening Limits (ISL) for Naproxen, Flunixin, Ketoprofen, Diclofenac, Eltenac, Meclofenamic acid, Phenylbutazone, Vedaprofen and Carprofen in equine urine regulated by International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA). After basic hydrolysis, samples were extracted with C18 cartridge on the automated solid phase extraction. Several derivatization reagents were investigated and Trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)/Methanol (20/80, v/v) was selected. Analyses were carried out on GC-MS with Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode but the method can be applied for a large number of analytes. Within laboratory reproducibility was not more than 12.8% (≤15%) and mean relative recoveries ranged from 91.1% to 104.1% for inter- and intra-day. The decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) were evaluated at concentrations near the ISL for each therapeutic substance. The validation results demonstrated that the method is highly reproducible, easily applicable and selective for the analysis of some NSAIDs in equine urine that have not been previously published.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bgb-8035.html  Finally, the method was also applied to known positive samples.Lewis acid zeolites have found an increasing application in the field of biomass conversion, in which the selective transformation of carbonyl-containing molecule is of particular importance due to its relevance in organic synthesis. Mechanistic insight into the activation of carbonyl group on Lewis acid sites is challenging and critical for the understanding of the catalytic process, which requires the identification of reaction intermediates. Here we report the observation of a stable surface gem -diols-type species in the activation of acetone on Sn-β zeolite. 13 C, 119 Sn and 13 C- 119 Sn double-resonance NMR spectroscopies demonstrate that only the open Sn site ((SiO) 3 Sn-OH) on Sn-β is responsible for the formation of the surface species. 13 C MAS NMR experiments together with density functional theory calculations suggest that the gem -diols-type species exhibits high reactivity and can serve as an active intermediate in the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenauer (MPVO) reaction of acetone with cyclohexanol. The gem -diols-type species offers an energy-preferable pathway for the direct carbon-to-carbon hydrogen transfer between ketone and alcohol. The results provide new insights into the transformation of carbonyl-containing molecules catalyzed by Lewis acid zeolites.Background Previous studies suggested that pre-treatment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) with rotational atherectomy (RA) prior to stent deployment improved procedural success but was not associated with a concomitant improvement in clinical outcomes. Orbital atherectomy (OA) has demonstrated similar benefits, though there are few data comparing the safety and efficacy of the two modalities. Methods Patients who underwent PCI of a native coronary lesion with RA or OA from 2014 to 2018 within the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System were identified. Propensity matched cohorts were generated to compare the clinical and safety outcomes following either RA or OA. The primary endpoint was the rate of 30-day major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including all-cause mortality, repeat myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stroke. Results We identified 1,091 patients that underwent atherectomy during the study period, 640 (59%) treated with RA and 451 (41%) treated with OA.