https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Floxuridine.html The fungal genus Conidiobolus sensu lato was delimited into four genera based on morphology and phylogeny. However, the taxonomic placement of C.parvus has not been determined until now. Here, we show that C.parvus belongs to a distinct lineage based on mitochondrial (mtSSU) and nuclear (TEF1 and nrLSU) phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed a new species as sister to C.parvus. We identified a synapomorphy uniting these lineages (azygospore production) that was not observed in other allied genera of the family Ancylistaceae, and erected a new genus Azygosporus gen. nov. for this monophyletic group, with a new combination, A.parvus comb. nov. as the type species. Within Azygosporus, the novel species A.macropapillatus sp. nov. was introduced from China based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence, which is characterized by its prominent basal papilla, in comparison to other closely related species, measuring 7.5-10.0×5.0-10.0 µm. Our study resolved the phylogenetic placement of C.parvus and improved the taxonomic system of the Ancylistaceae family.Infraspecific variation of the ITS rDNA region of some brown Parmeliae occurring in Poland is studied and compared with non-molecular characters. Haplotype networks are used to illustrate the variability within the species. Both newly-produced sequences from Central Europe and from all over the world, downloaded from the GenBank, are used. The number of haplotypes found for each taxon ranged from five in Melaneliastygia to 12 in Melaneliahepatizon and Montaneliadisjuncta; however, their numbers correlate with the number of specimens tested. New haplotypes for Melaneliaagnata, M.hepatizon and Cetrariacommixta are found. Based on our 169-sample dataset, we could not infer any geographical correlation, either locally or world-wide. Many of the analysed haplotypes were widely distributed and the same haplotype was often shared between