Acanthamoeba, a genus that contains at least 24 species of free-living protozoa, is ubiquitous in nature. Successful treatment of Acanthamoeba infections is always very difficult and not always effective. More effective drugs must be developed, and medicinal plants may have a pivotal part in the future of drug discovery. Our research focused on investigating the in vitro anti- acanthamoebic potential of Leea indica and its constituent gallic acid in different concentrations. Water and butanol fractions exhibited significant amoebicidal activity against trophozoites and cysts. Gallic acid (100 µg/mL) revealed 83% inhibition of trophozoites and 69% inhibition of cysts. The butanol fraction induced apoptosis in trophozoites, which was observed using tunnel assay. The cytotoxicity of the fractions and gallic acid was investigated against MRC-5 and no adverse effects were observed. Gallic acid was successfully loaded within poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with 82.86% encapsulation efficiency, while gallic acid showed 98.24% in vitro release at 48 hours. Moreover, the gallic acid encapsulated in the PLGA nanoparticles exhibited 90% inhibition against trophozoites. In addition, gallic acid encapsulated nanoparticles showed reduced cytotoxicity towards MRC-5 compared to gallic acid, which evidenced that natural product nanoencapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles could play an important role in the delivery of natural products.Internet use provides cognitive stimulation and thereby may contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve that is proposed to be instrumental for maintaining cognitive health in ageing. As the first study so far, we examined possible gender differences in the relationship between Internet use and subsequent cognitive decline over six years assessed through changes in Trail Making Test (TMT) accomplishment time in 897 older adults. Latent change score modelling (taking into account baseline cognitive level, chronic diseases, age, and central contributions to cognitive reserve through education, profession, and leisure engagement) revealed a significant interaction of frequency of Internet use and gender. More frequent Internet use in the first wave of data collection significantly predicted a smaller subsequent augmentation in TMT accomplishment time (i.e., a smaller subsequent cognitive decline) only in men, but not in women. In conclusion, frequent Internet use may contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve. The gender difference noted highlights an advantage for males. While this finding could be interpreted as gender-specific, it may be that the Internet activities males engage in differ from those of females, calling for a fine-grained investigation of Internet-based activities in future studies.How semantic representations are manifest over the brain remains a topic of active debate. A semantic representation may be determined by specific semantic features (e.g. sensorimotor information), or may abstract away from specific features and represent generalized semantic characteristics (general semantic representation). Here we tested whether nodes of the semantic system code for a general semantic representation and/or possess representational spaces linked to particular semantic features. In an fMRI study, eighteen participants performed a typicality judgment task with written words drawn from sixteen different categories. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and representational similarity analysis (RSA) were adopted to investigate the sensitivity of the brain regions to semantic content and the type of semantic representation coded (general or feature-based). We replicated previous findings of sensitivity to general semantic similarity in posterior middle/inferior temporal gyrus (pMTG/ITG) and precuneus (PC) and additionally observed general semantic representations in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Finally, two brain regions of the semantic network were sensitive to semantic features the left pMTG/ITG was sensitive to haptic perception and the left ventral temporal cortex (VTC) to size. This finding supports the involvement of both general semantic representation and feature-based representations in the brain's semantic system.Acute kidney injury is a major clinical challenge affecting as many as 1 percent of all hospitalized patients. Currently it is not possible to accurately stratify and predict the outcome of the individual patient. Increasing evidence supports metabolic reprogramming as a potential target for new biomarkers. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate imaging is a promising new tool for evaluating the metabolic status directly in the kidneys. We here investigate the prognostic potential of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in the setting of acute kidney injury in a rodent model of ischemia reperfusion. A significant correlation was found between the intra-renal metabolic profile 24 hours after reperfusion and 7 days after injury induction, as well as a correlation with the conventional plasma creatinine biomarker of renal function and markers of renal injury. This leads to a possible outcome prediction of renal function and injury development from a metabolic profile measured in vivo. The results support human translation of this new technology to renal patients as all experiements have been performed using clinical MRI equipment.In external radiotherapy (RT), the use of flattening filter-free (FFF) radiation beams obtained by removing the flattening filter (FF) in standard linear accelerators is rapidly increasing, and the benefits of clinical use are the issue of research. Advanced treatment techniques have increased the interest in the operation of linear accelerators in FFF mode. The differences of the beams with non-uniform dose distribution created by removing FF compared to the beams with uniform dose distribution used as a standard were examined. These differences were compared in the treatment plans of lung patients who have different planning target volumes (PTV). Clinac IX linear accelerator units were used.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ziritaxestat.html  Twenty patients with previously completed treatment were divided into two groups depending on the size of the target volume. All patients underwent two different intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) plans using FF and FFF beams. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to compare two different techniques (Significance p less then 0.